Drugs Flashcards
(15 cards)
Define the term drug
Any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body.
Describe the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections
Antibiotics treat bacterial infections by killing the bacterias by disrupting the metabolic processes of growth of the bacteria or by stopping the growth of bacterial spores.
Why do antibiotics not kill viruses?
Because viruses do not have their own metabolism but use the pathways of their host cells which prevents them from being destroyed by antibiotics.
What is resistance?
Some bacterias are resistant to antibiotics which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics. They become resistant to antibiotics because in large population of bacteria, a mutation causing a change in the protein that is the target of the antibiotic will cause some bacteria to be resistant. They will the replicate and affect the body without being stopped.
Explain how the development of resistant bacteria , e.g. MRSA can be minimised by using antibiotics
Antibiotics should only be used when ESSENTIAL and should ENSURE TREATMENT IS COMPLETE.
Describe effects of excessive alcohol
Reduced self control Slower reaction times Damage to liver Social implications (accidents, fights) Addiction
Describe effects of heroin
Slowed breathing Pneumonia Muscular weakness Infection of heart Dryness in mouth Euphoria Decreased function of liver Addiction HIV / AIDs
Explain relation between HIV and heroin
Users that share needles can pass on blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis
Explain how heroin affects the nervous system by acting at synapses
Heroin affects the nervous system by SLOWING DOWN NERVE IMPULSES transmission at synapses and to the brain.–> slowing down pain signals reaching the brain
The body adapts to this by producing more of the neurotransmitter that signals pain in the sensory neuron –> addiciton to feel better again
What can tobacco smoking do?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lung cancer
Coronary heart disease
Effects of carbon monoxide
Binds to haemoglobin preventing oxygen from binding to it. This can lead to problems in the concentration of oxygen delivered to the heart.
Effects of nicotine
Paralyses cilia
Travels to brain
Effects of tar
Body’s response is to produce mucus but cilia hairs are paralysed due to nicotine so mucus is stopped and airways become narrower (harder to breathe)
Tar in alveoli reduces surface area available for gas exchange
Link between lung cancer and smoking
Many chemicals in tar are CARCINOGENIC.
These damage the DNA And cause lung cancer
Use of hormone to improve sport performances
E.g. Anabolic steroids
Stimulate muscles to grow larger
Require les rest between sessions
Boost muscles recovery
Increase aggressiveness
