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Musculoskeletal Extras > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

MOA: inhibit osteoclast formation/recruitment and induce osteoclast apoptosis
*used to treat osteoporosis

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2
Q

Colchicine

A

MOA: inhibits microtubule aggregation which disrupts leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis
*used to treat acute gout, but has largely been replaces by NSAIDs

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3
Q

Indomethacin

A

Class: NSAID, Nonselective COX Inhibitor

*particularly popular for gout and ankylosing spondylitis

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4
Q

Tylenol (acetaminophen)

A

Class: weak inhibitor of (known) COX enzymes
Effect: central, direct analgesic effects and antipyretic. NOT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY.

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5
Q

Intra-articular Steroids

A

beneficial in patients with just one or two large joints affected by arthritis/gout
good option for elderly patients with other illnesses

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6
Q

Methotrexate

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: inhibition of AICAR transformylase and thymidylate synthetase, secondary effects on neutrophil chemotaxis
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

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7
Q

Oxycodone

A

Class: opioid analgesic
derived from the opium poppy, contains morphine
*tolerance and dependence develop with use
Side Effects: sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, pruritis

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8
Q

Fentanyl

A

Class: opioid analgesic
Strongest opioid analgesic
derived from the opium poppy, contains morphine
*tolerance and dependence develop with use
Side Effects: sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, pruritis

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9
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: cross-link DNA to prevent cell replication
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

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10
Q

Pregabalin

A

Class: Anticonvulsant

  • used as a non-opioid analgesic
  • more useful for neuropathic pain
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11
Q

Probenecid

A

Class: Uricosuric
MOA: increase renal clearance of uric acid by inhibiting tubular absorption.
Side Effects: GI and kidney stones
*used for gout prophylaxis

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12
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Class: NSAID, Nonselective COX Inhibitor

*often prescribed in lower doses with analgesic but not anti-inflammatory efficacy

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

Class: NSAID, Nonselective COX Inhibitor

*binds irreversibly

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14
Q

Celecoxib

A

Class: NSAID, COX-2 Selective
Effects: analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. No effect on platelet aggregation
*incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic events associated with COX-2 Inhibitors

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15
Q

Meloxicam

A

Class: NSAID, COX-2 Selective
Effects: analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. No effect on platelet aggregation
*incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic events associated with COX-2 Inhibitors

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16
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: inhibits interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 receptor production
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

17
Q

Azathioprine

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: Suppresses B cell and T cell function, immunoglobulin production, and interleukin-2 secretion
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

18
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: Active product inhibits cytosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and T cell lymphocyte proliferation
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

19
Q

Gold Compounds

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: Alter the morphology and functional capabilities of human macrophages
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

20
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Class: DMARD
MOA: IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor production are decreased
*DMARDs are expensive, but can greatly improve prognosis and slow progression. Unlike NSAIDs which offer only symptomatic relief

21
Q

Etanercept

A

Class: Anti-TNF
MOA: cytokine receptor fusion protein

22
Q

Infliximab

A

Class: Anti-TNF
MOA: anti-TNF chimeric monoclonal antibody

23
Q

Adalimumab

A

Class: Anti-TNF
MOA: Anti-TNF monoclonal antibody

24
Q

Rituximab

A

B-cell depleting agent monoclonal antibody

25
Q

Abatacept

A

T-cell co-stimulation inhibitor (receptor-ligand)

26
Q

Leflunomide

A

Cell growth arrestor (G1 phase)

27
Q

Anakinra

A

Class: IL-1 inhibitor
MOA: IL-1 cytokine receptor decoy

28
Q

Secukinumab (Cosentyx)

A

Class: IL-17A inhibitor
MOA: anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody
*used for moderate to servere plaque psoriasis

29
Q

Ixekizumab (Taltz)

A

Class: IL-17A inhibitor
MOA: IL-17A receptor antagonist
*used for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis

30
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Short/medium duration: hydrocortisone (cortisol), cortisone, prednisone
Intermediate duration: Triamcinolone
Long Acting: Dexamethasone

31
Q

Allopurinol

A

Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
MOA: blocks conversion of xanthine to uric acid
*used for gout prophylaxis

32
Q

Febuxostat

A

Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
MOA: new class of XO inhibitors. More selective than allopurinol. Little dependence on renal excretion
*used for gout prophylaxis

33
Q

Sulfinpyrazone

A

Class: Uricosuric
MOA: increase renal clearance of uric acid by inhibiting tubular absorption.
Side Effects: GI and kidney stones
*used for gout prophylaxis

34
Q

Lesinurad (Zurampic)

A

Class: Uricosuric
MOA: inhibit urate transporter URAT1 (responsible for the majority of renal absorption of uric acid)
*used for gout prophylaxis

35
Q

Opioid Analgesic Strength

A

Fentanyl > Hydromorphone > Oxycodone

Side Effects: sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, pruritis

36
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Class: SSRI

  • used as a non-opioid analgesic
  • more useful for neuropathic pain
37
Q

Duloxetine

A

Class: SSRI

  • used as a non-opioid analgesic
  • more useful for neuropathic pain
38
Q

Gabapentin

A

Class: Anticonvulsant

  • used as a non-opioid analgesic
  • more useful for neuropathic pain
39
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Class: Anticonvulsant

  • used as a non-opioid analgesic
  • more useful for neuropathic pain

Musculoskeletal Extras (3 decks)

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