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Pharmacology (MPAS) > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Pseudophedrine

A

Agonist for alpha 1 receptor

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2
Q

Clonidine

A

Agonist for alpha 2 receptor

SNS antagonist (block release of NT)

Used to treat hypertension (decrease BP)

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3
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Agonist for B1 receptor

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4
Q

Dobutamine

A

Agonist for B1 receptor

Increases cardiac output

Used in congestive heart failure

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5
Q

Terbutaline

A

Agonist for B2 receptor

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6
Q

Prazosin

A

Antagonist for alpha 1

Used in congestive heart failure

Decreases peripheral resistance (vasodilation), so heart has less resistance to contract against. This increases cardiac output and decreases pulmonary resistance.

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7
Q

Propanolol (receptors, effects, uses, warnings)

A

Antagonist for B1 (heart)

Antagonist for B2 (lungs)

Decreases cardiac output

Causes reflex peripheral vasoconstriction, so slow decrease in hypertension

Decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion

Reduces hypertension (decreased CO, decreased renin, decreased peripheral resistance)

Angina and MI

Blocks effect of hyperthyroidism on adrenergic system

Can cause broncospasms, so not for use with asthma

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8
Q

Epinephrine

A

Stimulates alpha and beta receptors

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9
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Increases BP

Used to treat shock

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10
Q

Pseudophedrine

A

Nasal decongestant

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11
Q

Cocaine

A

Brian-targeted, Non-selective sympathomimetic

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin, NE and dopamine

Local anesthetic

Peripheral activation causes side effects (HR, sweating, hypertension)

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12
Q

Amphetamines

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Inhibit uptake and increase neurotransmitter release

Potent effects in CNS and periphery

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13
Q

Ritalin

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

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14
Q

MDMA

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

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15
Q

Selegiline

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Anti-parkinsons disease

Used with Levadopa

Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia

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16
Q

Phenelzine

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Antidepressent type 1: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinaru retention, mydriasis, hyperthermia, sweating, hypertension

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17
Q

Amytryptyline

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Antidepressent type 2: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Side effects: urinary retention, pregnancy, MI, congestive heart failure

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18
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Selective sympathomimetic

Peripheral

alpha 1 agonist

nasal decongestant

Increases blood pressure

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19
Q

Albuterol (salbutamol, ventolin)

A

Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic

B2 agonist

Short acting bronchiodilator (inhaler)

Works for 2 hours

For patients with COPD or asthma

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20
Q

Salmeterol

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A

Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic

B2 agonist

Long acting bronchodilator

Works for 12 hours

Asthma, COPD

21
Q

Doxasin

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A

alpha 1 antagonist

Treat hypertension by decreasing HR and BP

22
Q

Tamsulosin

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A

alpha 1 antagonist

Treats prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic (urinary) problems

Selective for alpha1A receptors of prostate, so less side effects with low BP and low HR

23
Q

Timolol

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A

Non specific beta blocker

Used for glaucoma by decreasing production of aqueous humour and intraocular pressure

24
Q

Atenalol

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A

B1 specific blocker (cardioselective)

Treats hypertension (reduced pulmonary, vascular and blood glucose effects)

25
Carvedilol
3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker) Higher affinity for B1 and B2, so decreases HR significantly Can exacerbate asthma
26
Labetalol
3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker) Higher affinity for alpha 1 Reduces BP without effect on resting HR Used in preeclampsia (high BP during pregnancy) and emergency
27
Acetylcholine
Cholinergenic agonist As a drug, does not cross the BBB (no psycho effects) Will activate ALL autonomic ganglia (sympathetic and parasympathetic) Will activate skeletal muscle receptors (twitching followed by paralysis) Typical effects of stimulating parasympathetic system (reduced HR, reduced BP, Increased saliva, fixed near focus, contracted pupils, diarrhea, intestinal cramping... plus, sweating*) Way too non-specific for systemic use ONLY used for eye surgery
28
Pilocarpine
Cholinergenic agonist Can penetrate BBB (psycho effects) Used for severe acute glaucoma (intra ocular pressure) Pilocarpine causes immediate opening and drainage system of eye Causes fixed focus of lens
29
Neostigmine
AchE inhibitor Stimulates the bladder and GI tract (urinary bladder disease and constipation) Aid symptoms of myasthenia gravis (increases muscular strength and response)
30
Donepazil (atricept)
AchE inhibitor Stimulates cholenergic neurons in brain Treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
31
Atropine
Cholinergenic antagonist Decreases cardiovascular response to parasympathetic stimulation. (Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises) Bronchodilation and decreased respiratory secretions (drying) Antispasmodic effect on GI tract, other smooth muscles Dilates pupils
32
Neocitran (what it is used for, effect, side effects, problems)
Over the counter cold med Cholinergenic antagonist Antihistamine - “atropinic”, decreases PSNS activity: Sedation and drying bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter) gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions) Sympathomimetic: bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter) gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions) heart (increase heart rate / contractility; constrict arterioles) Cardiovascular (hypertension, MI) GI/GU (constipation, urinary retention)
33
Scopolamine
Cholinergenic antagonist Strong CNS effect Most effective anti-nausea drug
34
Tiotropium
Cholinergenic antagonist Derived from atropine Inhaled bronchodilators (very long term effect)
35
Curare
NMJ blocker Non-depolarizing Amazonian poison No longer used
36
Succinylcholine
NMJ blocker Polarizing The only depolarizing NMJ used. Causes twitching and fasciculation at first (from depolarization) but then flaccid paralysis
37
Jimsom weed
Atropine and scopolamine
38
Succinylcholine
Targets nicotinic Ach receptor (Na+ ligand gated ion channel) Affects muscle contraction
39
Memamtine, ketamine
Target Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (Ca2+ ligand ion channels) Affects long term potentiation (learning and memory)
40
Benzodiazepines
Target Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (ligand gated Cl- receptor) CNS depression
41
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Acts on tyrosine kinase Treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (chemotherapy)
42
Interleukin-2 (proleukin)
Acts on tyrosine kinase Treatment of cancers Melignant melanoma, renal cancer
43
Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate)
Acts on gunaylyl cyclase Treats angina
44
Sildenafil
Viagra Protects cGMP from phosphodiesterase Treats hypertension and erectile dysfunction
45
Strychnine
Allosteric irreversible antagonist
46
Aripriprazole
partial agonist
47
Phenylephrine
full agonist
48
Naloxazone
Orthosteric irreversible antagonist

Pharmacology (MPAS) (19 decks)

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