Drugs Flashcards
(26 cards)
Amoxicillin
Antibiotic; treats against gram + and gram - by binding to penicillin binding proteins and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in the microbe, renally eliminated, hypersensitivity, diarrhea, use different contraceptives
Amoxicillin = Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
broad spectrum antibiotic, extended spectrum to cover beta-lactamase; bactericidal treats against gram + and -, renally eliminated, hypersensativity, diarrhea, may take with food
Piperacillin + tazobactam
broad spectrum antibiotic, extended spectrum to cover beta-lactamase; bactericidal treats against gram + and -, monitor cardiac status, hypersensitivity, diarrhea, may take with food
Cephalexin
3rd generation; broad spectrum + and some -, hyposensitivity, good for strep not staph
Azithromycin
protein synthesis inhibitor, broad spectrum, bacteriostatic, DNA synthesis, used for patients with penicillin allergy
Doxycyline
protein synthesis inhibitor, tetracycline class, broad spectrum bacteriostatic, treats against + and -; drug interactions: brinds to cations; oral contraceptives
Metronidazole
anti-protozoal antibiotic; narrow bactericidal, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis = cell death; drug interactions CYP, ask about alcohol and anticoagulant
Fluconazole
fungistatic, antifungal, used to treat subcutaneous and systemic infection, inhibition of CYP450 dependent synthesis; damage fungal cell membranes and slows its growth
Unfractionated Heparin
anticoagulant, prevention of clots, blood thinner, binds to anti-thrombin and inactivates it and factor Xa; monitor labs
Enoxaparin
anticoagulant - low molecular weight heparin; prevention of clots, blood thinner, binds to anti-thrombin and inactivates factor Xa;
Warfarin
anticoagulant - vitamin K antagnist; prevention of clots, blood thinner, suppress production of vitamin-k dependent clotting factors; long half life; lots of food and drug interactions
Dabigatran
Anticoagulant: Direct Thrombin Inhibitor; prevention of clots, blood thinner,
Riverroxaban
Anticoagulant: direct factor Xa inhibitor; prevention of clots, blood thinner, active immediately, less drug interactions
Ferrous Sulfate
Nutritional supplement, treatment of iron deficiency anemia, increases amount of elemental iron in blood
Iron Dextran
parental iron product, treatment of iron deficiency anemia, * increases amount of elemental iron in blood, start with small test dose
Cyanocobalamin
Vitamin B12 product, treatment for megaloblastic, increases amount of vit B12 in blood, possible hypokalemia
Folic acid
nutritional supplment, essential factor for DNA synthesis, used to treat anemia, increases amount of folic acid in blood
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietic Growth Factor ; stimulate RBC formation by mimicking the action of natural hormone Erythropoietin, used in patient with renal disease
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Bacterio-static (gram + and gram -), treatment of UTI, great coverage for MRSA, metabolism inhibitor, synergistic effect
Nitrofurantoin
Typically Bacteriostatic; Nitrofuran Antibiotic; treatment of UTI and covers some gram + and some gram - ; metabolism inhibitor, damages bacterial cell DNA; avoid in patient with creatine clearance
Labetalol
Combination beta and Alpha blocker; Antihypertensive drug; decreases cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilation, reduces release of Renin; long term use
Metoprolol
Sympatholytic, Beta Adrenergic Blocker; Antihypertensive drug;
decreases cardiac output, suppresses reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilation, reduces release of Renin; lower HR, longer term use
Hydralazine
Vasodilator, Antihypertensive drug, Causes arteriole vasodilation ; can cause reflex tachy
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blocker; antihypertensive drug; suppresses smooth muscle contractions by preventing vasoconstriction; can cause issue with heart failure patients → watch for swelling
