Drugs Flashcards
(23 cards)
MoA of acepromazine
- hypotension
- vasodilation
- bradycardia
Pros of Acepromazine
- lowers seizure threshold
- anti-emetic
- ant-histaminic
Dog breeds affected by MDR-1 gene: acepromazine
- australian shepherd
- collies
- shelties
- white swiss shepherd
side effects of alpha 2 agonists
- vasoconstriction, hypertension
- hyperglycemia –> hypoinsulinemia –> hyperkalemia, diuresis
- reflex bradycardia
- sedation
- vomiting
- respiratory depression
side effects of alpha 2 agonists in ruminants
- pulmonary edema
- abortion
Xylazine potency in ruminants, horse, pigs, and small animals
Cattle are 10x more sensitive to xylazine then horses.
-NOT effective in swine
MAC of iso and sevo in dogs
ISO: 1.3%
SEVO: 2.3%
MAC of ISO and SEVO in cats
ISO: 1.6%
SEVO: 2.6%
Factors that reduce MAC
- opioids and alpha 2s
- hypothermia
- anemic
- too old or too young
- hypoxemia
- hypercapnia
Factors that increase MAC
- hyperthermia
- pregnancy
- ephedrine
- opioids in horses
Adverse effects of ketamine
- hypertension
- hypersalivation
- resp depression
- hyperthermia
- emesis
- vocalization
- spastic jerking movements, muscle tremors, hypertonicity, opisthotonos
Adverse effects of dissociatives (NMDA antagonists)
- positive inotropy and chronotropy
- increased myocardial oxygen demand
- apneustic breathing
- increased salivation
- laryngospasm
Side effects of opioids
- constipation
- bradycardia
- histamine release
- sedation
- excitement in cats and horses
- hyperthermia
side effects of simbadol (buprenorphine)
- anisocoria
- hyperthermia
What receptors does ephedrine act on?
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2
side effects of ephedrine
- hypertension
- tachycardia
- vasoconstriction (contracts urinary sphincter)
***can be used in pregnant animals
what receptors does dopamine act on?
- lowest dose: causes renal vasodilation at a and improved blood flow through kidney
- low dose: increase NE release through heart (beta 1)
- high dose: vasoconstriction via alpha receptor stimulation
*does not cross BBB
what receptors does dobutamine act on?
Beta 1
-vasodilation
-short acting positive inotrope (increases contractility)
side effects of dobutamine
- facial twitching
- seizures
- tachycardia
- arrhythmias
- hypertension
- increased myocardial oxygen consumption
what receptors does phenyephrine act on?
alpha 1
-vasoconstriction
what are the side effects of phenylephrine?
- reflex bradycardia
- CNS excitement, restlessness
- hemorrhage in horses; epistaxis when IN
- uterine contractions
- extravasation injury when given SC
NE receptors
alpha 1 agonist
alpha 2 agonist
beta 1 agonist: positive inotrope
-increases HR
when should norepinephrine be used?
- profound hypotension
- post cardiac arrest hypotension
