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Pharmacology 3001 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Levothyroxine

A
  • synthetic formulation of T4

- most common treatment for hypothyroidism

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2
Q

Methimazole

A
  • interferes with TH production in the thyroid follicular cell
  • thioamine
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3
Q

Liothyronine

A

-synthetic T3

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4
Q

Liotrix

A
  • synthetic T3 + T4

- $$

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5
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

-synthetic cortisol

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6
Q

Fluticasone

A

-synthetic corticosteroid used in an inhaled formulation for the treatment of asthma

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7
Q

Fludroocortisone

A
  • high potency corticosteroid used in situations where both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions are needed
  • Addisons disease
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8
Q

Trimcinocolone

A

-moderate potency topical glucocorticoid agent used for the treatment of dermatitis

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9
Q

NSAIDs

A
  • ibuprofen, naproxen, ASA

- over the counter anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment of tension headaches and mild-moderate migraines

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10
Q

acetaminophen

A
  • over the counter
  • not anti-inflammatory
  • treats tension headaches and moderate migraines
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11
Q

Dihydroergotamine (DHE)

A

-ergot alkaloid compound used in the treatment of migraines, but has many off target effects including hallucinations

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12
Q

Sumatriptan

A
  • serotonin subtype 1D/1B selective agonist

- causes cranial blood vessel constriction + reduction in vasoactive peptide release

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13
Q

Erenumab

A
  • monoclonal antibody targeted to the CGRP neuropeptide receptor
  • recently approved for use in prevention of migraines
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14
Q

opioid analgesics

A

-not recommended (when other alternatives are effective), but may be used as a last resort in the treatment of migraine headaches when other treatments have failed

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15
Q

Methotrexate

A

-interferes with folate metabolism

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16
Q

Doxorubicin

A
  • anti-cancer antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria
  • cardiotoxic anti-neoplastic agent that interferes with DNA replication
    1) disrupts DNA structure
    2) inhibits topoisomerase (unwinding of DNA)
    3) forms free radicals
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17
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

-covalently binds to DNA, adding cross linking alkyl group, which interfere with DNA structure

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18
Q

Paclitaxel

Study These Flashcards
A
  • M phase cell cycle specific agent that prevents DISASSEMBLY of the mitotic spindle
  • Adverse effect= neurotoxicity
19
Q

Sorafenib

Study These Flashcards
A

-small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the VEGF receptor

VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) binds VEGF–> promotes angiogenesis

-susceptible to efflux pumps

20
Q

Imatinib

Study These Flashcards
A

-small molecule inhibitor of the pro-survival tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL (which produces bcl2–> helps cell avoid apoptosis)

21
Q

Vincristine

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A
  • M phase cell cycle specific agent that prevents ASSEMBLY of the mitotic spindle
  • Adverse effect= neurotoxicity
22
Q

Bevacizumab

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A

-prevents formation of new blood vessels by binding to circulating ligand VEGF

23
Q

Trastuzumab

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A

-monoclonal antibody targeted to HER-2 receptors

24
Q

Tamoxifen

Study These Flashcards
A

-competitive antagonist of estrogen receptors

25
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
-B lactams, vancomycin
26
Types of B-Lactams + what they do
-bind to the PBPs, prevent transpeptidase activity, peptidoglycan can't be assembled --> cell lysis and death 1) Penicillins - -> Narrow spectrum: Pen G and V - G has poor oral absorption --> B lactamase resistant: Methicillin --> Extended spectrum penicillins: Ampicillin, amoxicillin 2) Cephalosporins - -> First generation: Cephlexin, narrow, gram + - -> Second generation: Cefuroxime: gram + / some - - -> Third generation: Ceftazidime: gram +/- - -> Fourth generation: Cefepime: gram - 3) Monobactams - monocyclic B-lactam ring - only works against aerobic gram - 4) Carbapenems - penicillin like - sulfur atom in thiazodine ring replaced by carbon - can cause seizures in epileptics
27
Amphotericin B
- cell membrane inhibitor - anti fungal - binds to ergosterol - poorly absorbed orally - poor BBB penetration - excreted slowly via kidneys - really bad adverse effects: kidney toxicity, nausea
28
Ketoconazole/ Azoles
- another cell membrane inhibitor/ anti fungal - binds to CYP450 14alpha demethylase, prevents conversion of lanosterols to ergosterols - less toxic than amphotericin B
29
Flucytosine
- anti-fungal - targets nucleic acid synthesis - more of it allowed into cells by amphotericin B
30
Polymyxin
- cell membrane inhibitor - disrupts cell membrane of gram - by binding to LPS - acts like detergent - rarely resistant, hypersensitivity rare adverse effects - low TI (at higher concentrations can bind other lipids) - nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity)
31
Sulfonamides
- folate synthesis antagonist/ inhibitor - prevents dna synthesis in bacteria - competes with PABA for dihydropteroate synthase - bacteriostatic -resistance by: overproduction of PABA, alteration of binding site, impair permeability treats prostate and UTIS
32
Trimethoprim
- folate synthesis inhibitor/ antagonist - prevents dna synthesis - binds dihydrofolate reductase, prevents tetrahydrofolic acid - bacteriocidal
33
Fluoroquinolones
- DNA gyrase inhibitor - gyrase: enzyme in bacteria that binds and clears DNA, relieves supercoiled, enables replication - inhibits replication and transcription ADVERSE EFFECTS - inhibits the metabolism of caffeine by CYP450 1A2 - tendonitis, spontaneous abortions
34
Rifampin
- RNA pol inhibitor - treats mycobacterium infections - increases metabolism of other drugs, best when given in combo
35
Protein synthesis inhibitors
BIND THE 30S - aminoglycosides - tetracyclines BIND THE 50S - chloramphenicol - macrolides
36
Aminoglycosides
- bind the 30S - cause the insertion of an incorrect amino acid --> malformed proteins - poorly absorbed from gut --> not given orally - treat endocarditis - bacteriocidal ADVERSE EFFECTS -high levels can lead to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
37
Tetracyclines
- -bind the 30S - block the A site, prevent incoming amino acid from coming in - bacteriostatic ADVERSE EFFECTS - chelates calcium - GI irritation - widespread resistance due to use in animal feed - teratogenic
38
Chloramphenicol
- binds the 50S subunit - prevents peptidyl transferase/ joining of a.a - treats meningitis ADVERSE EFFECTS - bone marrow disturbances - anemia - drug interactions
39
Macrolides
- bind the 50S - blocks the translocation of ribosome along mRNA - respiratory infections + pneumonia
40
Acyclovir
- acyclic guanosine derivative - leads to chain termination - lacks 3' OH - inhibits DNA synthesis -treats HSC
41
Metronidazole
- pro drug // anti-parasite - activated in anaerobic cells - results in free radicals that damage DNA
42
Traditional antineoplastics
1) Alkylating agents - cyclophosphamide 2) Topoisomerase inhibitors - Doxorubicin 3) Anti-metabolite - Methotrexate 4) Anti microtubules - Vincristine + placlitaxel
43
Small TK inhibitors
-Sorafenib: VEGFR Imatinib: BCR-ABL cross cell membrane, act inside, bind receptor

Pharmacology 3001 (4 decks)

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