Drugs Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Hydrochlorothiazide
A
thiazide diuretic
2
Q
chlorthalidone
A
thiazide diuretic
3
Q
Furosemide
A
Loop diuretic
4
Q
Bumetanide
A
Loop diuretic
5
Q
Spironolactone
A
Potassium sparing diuretic
6
Q
Amiloride
A
Potassium sparing diuretic
7
Q
Triamterene
A
Potassium sparing diuretic
8
Q
Acetazolamide
A
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
9
Q
Lisinopril
A
ACE inhibitor
10
Q
Enalapril
A
ACE inhibitor
11
Q
Ramipril
A
ACE inhibitor
12
Q
Benazepril
A
ACE inhibitor
13
Q
Losartan
A
Angiotensin II antagonist
14
Q
Olmesartan
A
Angiotensin II antagonist
15
Q
Valsartan
A
Angiotensin II antagonist
16
Q
Ibesartan
A
Angiotensin II antagonist
17
Q
Aliskiren
A
Renin inhibitor
18
Q
Verapamil
A
Calcium channel blocker, cardio selective
19
Q
Diltiazem
A
Calcium channel blocker, cardio selective
20
Q
Nifedipine
A
Calcium channel blocker
21
Q
Amlodipine
A
Calcium channel blocker
22
Q
Atenolol
A
SNS antagonist –> B blocker
23
Q
Metoprolol
A
SNS antagonist –> B blocker
24
Q
Propanolol
A
SNS antagonist –> B blocker
25
Carvedilol
SNS antagonist --> A and B blocker
26
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator (usually veins), decreases preload
27
Isosorbide
Vasodilator
28
Lidocaine
Sodium channel blocker --> acute ventricular arrhythmias
29
Flecainide
Sodium channel blocker --> Chronic supraventricular arrhythmias
30
Propofenone
Sodium Channel blocker --> Chronic supraventricular arrhythmias
31
Adenosine
Tx supraventricular tachycardia by decreasing calcium conductance and increasing K+ conductance
32
Digoxin
Increases contractility by blocking sodium/potassium pump. Keeps sodium in cell, allows calcium to influx = contraction. Potassium competes w/ Digoxin.
33
Aspirin
Anti-platelet drug, NSAID-> inhibit COX
34
Clopidogrel
Anti-platelet drug, blocks ADP receptor
35
Heparin
Anticoagulant -binds antithrombin III --> inactivates excess thrombin
36
Warfarin
Anticoagulant - prevents activation of clotting factors
37
Fondaparinux
Anticoagulant - binds antithrombin III and prevents Factor Xa
38
Apixaban/Rivaroxaban
Anticoagulant - binds antithrombin III and prevents Factor Xa
39
Iron
Tx anemia
40
Folic Acid
anemia
41
Cyanocobalamin
anemia
42
Darbepoetin alfa
hematopoetin growth factor --> produces RBC to help with anemia
43
Gemfibrozil
degrade and reduce triglyceride production
44
Fenofibrate
degrade and reduce triglyceride production
45
Cholestyramine
Bile acid sequestrant --> removes bile salts so more LDL used to make bile salts
46
Colestipol
Bile acid sequestrant --> removes bile salts so more LDL used to make bile salts
47
Colesevelam
Bile acid sequestrant -->removes bile salts so more LDL used to make bile salts
48
Pravastatin
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor/ inhibits cholesterol formation
49
Simvastatin
inhibits cholesterol formation/HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
50
Atovastatin
HMG Coa reductase inhibitor/Inhibits cholesterol formation
51
Rosuvastatin
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor/ Inhibits cholesterol formation
52
Lovastatin
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor/ Inhibits cholesterol formation
53
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
54
Alirocumab and Evolocumab
Monoclonal antibodies that bind PCSK9 and inhibit it. (inhibits LDL receptor from being destroyed) so more LDL is being taken out of blood stream
55
Morphine
Opiate
56
Codeine
Opiate, cough suppressant, metabolized into morphine
57
Oxycodone
Semi-synthetic opioid
58
Hydromorphone
Semi-synthetic opioid
59
Hydrocodone
Semi-synthetic opioid
60
Meperidine
Synthetic opioid
61
Fentanyl
Synthetic opioid
62
Tramadol
Weak agonist, Synthetic opioid
63
Buprenorphine
partial agonist - DO NOT give these w/ agonist, long duration of action
(combine w/ naloxone = suboxone)
64
Diphenoxylate
opioid/antidiarrheal, slows intestine contractility
65
Loperamide
opioid/antidiarrheal, acts on myenteric plexus in large intestine
66
Dextromethorphan
antitussive/opioid
67
Isoflurane
inhaled anesthetic, vaporized, better than halothane
68
Desflurane
inhaled anesthetic, vaporized, don't use in pts susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, causes bronchospasm
69
Nitrous Oxide
inhaled anesthetic, gaseous
70
Enflurane
inhaled anesthetic
71
Halothane
inhaled anesthetic
72
Propofol
IV anesthetic, rapid onset, short duration, nausea, vomiting, no analgesia
73
Etomidate
IV anesthetic benzodiazapine, no analgesia, potentiates GABA mediated chloride currents
74
Methohexital
IV anesthetic, barbiturate
75
Midazolam
IV anesthetic, benzodiazepine, produces amnesia
76
Ketamine
IV anesthetic, SE: deliria, CV stimulant, selective antagonist of NMDA receptor
77
Thiopental
IV anesthetic, barbiturate, no analgesia, limited nausea & vomiting
78
Memantine
```
blocks NMDA (glutamate) receptors, tx for dementia
decreases over firing of neuron
```
79
Donepezil
blocks acetylcholinesterase, increase ACh in the synapse to increase neuron firing, tx for dementia
80
Amitryptyline
TCA - blocks NT reuptake and muscarinic receptor antagonist, SE: Ach effects like dry mouth, mania
81
Nortriptyline
TCA - blocls NT reuptake and muscarinic receptor antagonist, SE: Ach effects like dry mouth, mania
82
Mirtazapine
tetracyclic antidepressant - acts on autoreceptors to increase NT release. SE: sedation, CV effects, rash
83
Fluoxetine
SSRI
84
Paroxetine
SSRI
85
Citalopram
SSRI
86
Escitalopram
SSRI
87
Sertraline
SSRI
88
Venlafaxine
SNRI, CV effects
89
Desvenlafaxine
SNRI
90
Duloxetine
SNRI, seizures
91
trazodone
serotonin receptor modulator =SR antagonist and SNRI
92
Bupropion
NDRI, nicotinic antagonist
93
Phenelzine
nonspecific MAOI
94
Selegline
specific MAOB-I
95
Aripiprazole
first order antipsychotic, blocks D2 receptors (partial agonist)
96
Clozapine
blocks D2 & serotonin
97
Risperidone
Blocks D2, NE, and serotonin receptors. 2nd gen antipsychotic, elevated prolactin production
98
Olanzapine
less side effects than risperidone, 2nd gen. antipsychotic
99
Quetiapine
2nd gen antipsychotic, does cause anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, constipation)
100
Ziprasidone
2nd gen antipsychotic, anxiolytic and antidepressive also, SE: cardiac arrhythmias, similar to risperidone
101
Lithium
tx for bipolar disorder, decreases sever fluctuations in mood, SI: GI issues, weight gain, cognitive impairment
102
Chlorpromazine
First gen antipsychotic
103
Haloperidol
first gen antipsychotic
104
Lurasidone
2nd gen antipsychotic
105
Levodopa
Tx Parkinsons, converts LDOPA to Dopamine, "wearing off" effect
106
Carbidopa
inhibits dopa decarboxylase in the periphery SE: nausea, vomiting, psychiatric problems, dyskinesias, "wearing off" effect
107
Pramipexole
dopamine receptor agonist for Parkinson's SE: N/V, dyskinesias, hallucinations, cardiovascular effects
108
Ropinirole
dopamine receptor agonist SE: N/V, dyskinesias, hallucinations, cardiovascular effects
109
Amantadine
Antiviral agent, increases dopamine, decreases dyskinesia
110
Benztropine
muscarinic antagonist in basal ganglia, anticholinergic, SE: dry mouth, constipation, confusion
111
Diazepam
long lasting benzodiazepine, SE: tolerance to sedation, physical dependence
112
Clonazepam
long lasting benzodiazepine SE: tolerance to sedation, physical dependence
113
Lorazepam
medium lasting benzodiazepine
114
Temazepam
medium lasting benzodiazepine
115
Alprazolam
short lasting benzodiazepine
116
Flumazenil
benzodiazepine antagonist - tx overdose
117
Buspirone
anxiolytic w/o sedative, hypnotic, euphoric effects, serotonin partial agonist. SE: dizziness, GI distress, drowsiness
118
Eszopiclone
long term insomnia tx, SE: daytime sedation, GI issues
119
Zolpidem
short term, 8 hour sleep cycle insomnia tx. SE: daytime sedation, GI issues
120
Ramelteon
melatonin agonist, tx sleep onset difficulties
121
Phenytoin
anticonvulsant, sodium channel blocker to decrease AP/NT release, causes gingival hyperplasia
122
Carbamazepine
anticonvulsant, sodium channel blocker to decrease AP/NT release, traditional drug of choice
123
Lamotrigine
anticonvulsant, prevent synaptic release of glutamate
124
Gabapentin
anticonvulsant, presynaptic calcium channel blocker
125
Pregabalin
anticonvulsant, presynaptic calcium channel blocker, tx diabetic nerve pain and fibromyalgia
126
Ethosuximide
anticonvulsant, reduces low threshold calcium channels in the thalamic region, reducing NT release. First tx used for absence seizures
127
Phenobarbital
anticonvulsant, barbituate (activate post synaptic chloride channels = hyperpolarize),
128
Topiramate
Anticonvulsant all in one drug: Na and Ca channel blocker, Cl- channel propagator, glutamate blocker
129
Valproic Acid
anticonvulsant, tx absence seizures, Na channel blocker, some Ca channel blocker, potentiates GABA production and decreases GABA metabolism, don't give to pts w/ liver disease
130
Levetiracetam
anticonvulsant, prevents glutamate release, facilitates GABA
131
Clomiphene
weak estrogen agonist, strong antagonist
| used in infertility w/ intact HPA axis
132
Fulvestrant
estrogen antagonist, used in pts w/ t positive tumors or ER positive breast cancer
133
Tamoxifen
SERM, antagonist to ER at breast tissue only, increase risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism and developing uterine cancer
134
Raloxifene
SERM, antagonist to ER at breast tissue and uterine tissue, no increase risk for uterine cancer
135
Aromatase inhibitors
prevent conversion of androgens into estradiol
136
Progesterone
contraception, post menopausal women who can't take estrogen, premature labor.... prepares endometrium for implantation
137
Mifepristone
blocks progesterone
138
Ethinyl estradiol/ Norethindrone
balances progestin and estrogen; used in menopausal women to manage bone level and reduce hot flashes
139
Estradiol/Norethindrone
balances progestin and estrogen; used in menopausal women to manage bone level and reduce hot flashes
140
Bazedoxifene
SERM, uterine antagonist no progestin = no proliferation of uterine tissue. Used in menopausal women --> manage bone levels and reduce hot flashes
141
Norgestimate/ ethinyl estradiol
triphasic progesterone w/ fixed estrogen levels --> mimic normal cycle, used for contraception
142
Norethindrone
progesterone only, thickens mucus to prevent sperm penetration, thins endometrium, contraceptive
143
Levonorgestrel/ ethinyl estradiol
gives low dose estrogen rather than placebo pills..helps w/ cramps
1 period every 3 months
contraceptive
144
Chorionic gonadotropin
what pregnancy tests look to detect
145
Finasteride
5 alpha reductase inhibitor prevent synthesis of DHT (acts as anti-testosterone)
benign prostatic hypertrophy and male pattern baldness
146
corticosteroids
induce bone loss
147
ESTROGEN
does not tx osteoporosis..helps maintain bone
148
Alendronate
bisphosphonate, inhibit osteoclast activity via apoptosis, SE - bone and joint pain, gastric irritation
149
Ibandronate
bisphosphonate, inhibit osteoclast activity via apoptosis
| SE - bone and joint pain, gastric irritation
150
Raloxifene
SERM agonist on bone and CV, antagonist to endometrial and breast cancer
151
Teriparatide
stimulates new bone formation, recombinant form of PTH
| SE: hypercalcemia
152
Denosumab
Monoclonal antibody to target RANKL and inhibit bone resorption
SE: more susceptible to infection
153
Cinacalcet
tx hyperparathyroidism in pts w/ renal failure and on dialysis
154
Levothyroxine
Synthetic T4, for hypothyroidism
| SE: nervousness, arrhythmia
155
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
hyperthyroidism, inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups
| SE: severe hepatotoxicity
156
Methimazole
Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism
inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups
SE: lower liver side effects, rash, nausea
157
Insulin aspart
rapid acting insulin taken right before a meal
158
Insulin lispro
rapid acting insulin taken right before a meal
159
Insulin human
short acting insulin taken before a meal
160
Insulin detemir
long acting insulin taken once a day, no peak effect... modified w/ addition of fatty acid for long lasting action to mimic basal metabolic secretions
161
side effects of all insulin hormones
hypoglycemia, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, tremors
| hypoglycemic unawareness
162
Glipizide
sulfonylurea, makes beta cells more sensitive to produce more insulin. (oral medicine: must have pancreatic function) caution pt w/ sulfur allergy
163
Glyburide
makes beta cells more sensitive to produce more insulin. (oral medicine: must have pancreatic function) caution pt w/ sulfur allergy
164
Glimepiride
makes beta cells more sensitive to produce more insulin. (oral medicine: must have pancreatic function) caution pt w/ sulfur allergy
165
Metformin
biguanide, improves insulin's ability to move glucose into cells; DOES NOT increase insulin secretion, less risk of hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis rare but lethal SE
166
Glyburide/Metformin
increase insulin and make cells more sensitive to insulin
167
Sitagliptin/Metformin
increase insulin and make cell more sensitive to insulin
168
Pioglitazone
make cells more sensitive to insulin esp fatty cells
169
Liraglutide
inhibits DPP-4 allows GI hormones to lower blood sugar
| SE: URI, headache, pancreatitis
170
Canagliflozin
glucose reabsorbed by Proximal convoluted tubule, but this blocks the transporter that does so. glucose is excreted
SE: GI infections, decreased Na+
