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Human Development 2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

How can you treat endometriosis

A

 NSAIDs for pain, Norethisterone or COCP (4 packets run together),
 Secondary Care-Danazol and GnRH agonists, Surgery.

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2
Q

How do you treat fibroids

A

 Tranexamic Acid, COCP/LARCs

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3
Q
  • Clomiphene
A

Ovulatory stimulant - causes ovulation to happen

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4
Q

how do you treat hyperprolactinaemia

A

Bromocriptine which is a dopamine agonist

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5
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

A
  • Tamulosin
  • • This is an antagonist to the alpha 1 receptor, this causes the smooth muscle to relax and allow the outflow of the urine from the bladder, improves urine outflow
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6
Q

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

A
  • Finasteride
  • Dutasteride
  • can reduce the amount of growth in the prostate
  • these inhibit 5 alpha reductase which is responsible for the conversion of testosterone into DHT
  • DHT drives the proliferation of the epithelial cells so without this apoptosis commences as there is now a less high ratio between DHT and oestradiol allowing apoptosis to be driven
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7
Q

How does viagra work

A

It inhibits PDE5 therefore slowing the breakdown of cGMP

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor.
o Sildenafil (Viagra)
o Vardenafil (Levitra)
o Taladafil (Cialis)
  • Takes 20-60 minutes and lasts for 6 hours
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8
Q

How do you treat peryronies disease

A

o Non-surgical
 Stretching – break down sar tissue
 Para-aminobenzoate – b vitamin that you can take and rub on, increases oxygen to the penis and improves the scar tissue
 Topical verapamil

o surgical

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9
Q

how do you manage VZV

A
  • prevention
  • varicella zoster immunoglobulin (post exposure)
  • vaccination (pre exposure)
    Treatment (val) acyclovir – safe during pregnancy
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10
Q

What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis

A
  • spyramicin, pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine/folinic acid

* depends on trimester

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11
Q

How do you treat syphilis

A
  • Penicillin
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12
Q

What do you give someone who has group b streptocoosus during labour

A

• Benzylpenicillin in labour

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13
Q

How do you treat urinary tract infections

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • BE CAREFUL – trimethoprim teratogenic therefore avoided in the first weeks of pregnancy
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14
Q

What is the treatment of chylmydai and gonnorhea

A

• Azithromycin (tetracyclines are teratogenic)

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15
Q

How do you manage failure to progress in labour

A

Powers – ‘uterine inertia’
= give Syntocinon judiciously – artificial oxytoxcin, 3 to 4 in 10 lasting a minute each

Passenger – ‘malpresentation’ or ‘malposition’
= consider ECV/ rotational forceps or ventouse delivery/ Caesarean section

Passages – ‘contracted pelvis’ or ’rigid cervix’
= Caesarean section

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16
Q

list the uterotonics that can be used and what with

A
  • Syntometrine – drug that is commonly used (made up of oxytocin and ergometrine)

IVI syntocinon 40units in 500ml over 4 hours – drug that causes the uterus to contract (sometimes used in labour)

PGE1 misoprostol 800mg PR - give 4 or 5 tablets into the rectum and this can cause the uterus to go into contraction

PGF2α carboprost 250mcg IM - this causes the uterus to go into contraction, can give 8 doses every 15 minutes in order to control the bleeding

Give IV/IM ergometrine 500 mcg - this causes vasoconstriction

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17
Q

How do you control fits

A

 Loading Dose: MgSO4 (8mls + 12mls saline) over 20 minutes

 Maintenance Dose: 1-2g MgSO4/hr (20 + 30).
o Maintain for 24 hours post-delivery.

 Therapeutic Levels: 2-4mmol/litre.

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18
Q

What are the potential targets for neuroprotection

A
  • Decrease energy depletion - increase glucose, use hypothermia and barbiturates.
  • Glutamate (inhibition of release). = via calcium channel blockers, magnesia, adenosine, hypothermia, free radical scavengers
  • Inhibition of leukocyte/microglial/cytokine effects. = hypothermia, free radical synthesis inhibitors

• Blockage of downstream cellular events.
o Free radical synthesis inhibitors
o Free radic

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19
Q

what is the prevention dn treatment of GBS

A

• Main principles of prevention of vertical transmission
– Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to women who show carriage during screening in pregnancy
– Other risk factors

• Treatment
– Benzylpenicillin with amikacin or gentamicin

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20
Q

how do you treat hypoglycaemia in small for gestational age babies

Study These Flashcards
A

 Feeds

 Bolus of dextrose + IV infusion if very low glucose

21
Q

what antibiotics can you give for GBS, E.coli and listeria

  • for older children
  • and young infants les than 3 months old
Study These Flashcards
A 
•	Older children
–	Ceftriaxone – covers all 3 
•	Young infants (<3 months old)
–	Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone 
–	Amoxicillin (penicillin derivate) also needed for Listeria cover
22
Q

How do you treat empyema caused by pneumoccoal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • use a chest drain and urokinase

- use video assistant thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

23
Q

What are the two vaccinations used for pneumococcal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV) = adults

* Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). = children

24
Q

How do you treat candida and ring worm

Study These Flashcards
A

 Treat both with topical antifungal (nystatin).

25
how do you treat candidaemia
- IV anti fungal treatment
26
what are the treatments of malaria
- Artemisinin - Combination treatment (eg Coartem: artemether-lumefantrine) - More rapid reduction in parasitaemia
27
How do you treat retinoblastoma
- small tumours = cryotherapy, laser therapy or thermotherapy is used - in more advanced tumours - chemotherapy, surgery and radiation is used - Systemic or intraocular chemotherapy can be used to shrink tumours before cryotherapy or laser therapy
28
what is the treatment for a neuroblastoma
- Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy - High risk disease – high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation - Targeted therapy – crizotinib against ALK mutations - Immunotherapy
29
What is the treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
• Patients stratified into risk groups according to clinical, biological and genetic features • Therapies of varying intensities applied to different risk groups • Standard treatment phases: -Induction (e.g.Vincristine, Corticosteroid, L-asparaginase, Anthracycline) - Consolidation; CNS directed treatment(e.g.Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate; Dexamethasone) - Maintenance(e.g. Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate) - Bone marrow transplantation
30
How to you treat consitpation
``` - use high dose laxatives or enemas to clear out then use maintenance therapy Maintenance therapy • Softener – Movicol (PEG 4000) • Stimulant – Senna or picosulphate • Rectal washout - Enemas/Peristeem ```
31
what is the medical treatment of GORD
- most do not need treatment - positioning of the infant while eating - thickening of food - reduce acids using H1 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors - promotility agents such as domperidone can be used
32
what is the surgical treatment of GORD
* Jejunostomy feeds * Nissen’s fundoplication. - this is when you wrap the stomach around the base of the oesophagus therefore preventing food from going back up
33
what is the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis
• Dietary o Food exclusions o Pragmatic trials. * Oral budesonide * Monteleukast.
34
what is the treatment for h.pylori
- triple therapy - use 2 antibiotics amoxycillin and clarithromycin for 2 weeks - and a proton pump inhibitors or H2 antagonists such as laproprozole - then repeat the stool test for HP antigen 3/12 after treatment to ensure it has gone
35
how do you induce remission in IBD
• Exclusive enteral nutrition (Chron’s) o Reduce inflammation o Correct undernutrition o 6/52 of milk based formula * Steroids * 5-ASA * Biologicals (e.g. anti-TNF infliximab).
36
what is the pharmacological treatment of ADHD
- Offer methylphenidate (either short or long acting) as the first line pharmacological treatment for children aged 5 years and over and young people with ADHD - Consider switching to lisdexamfetamine (prodrug version of methylphenidate)
37
How do you manage idiopathic short stature
• Administration of GH • Oxandrolone - anabolic steroid used for a long time and extradites growth but doesn't increase adult height o Very little change in most cases.
38
who does NICE recommend be given somatostatin as treatment
Have growth hormone deficiency. Have Turner syndrome. Have Prader-Willi syndrome. Have chronic kidney disease. Are born small for gestational age with subsequent growth failure at 4 years of age or later. Have short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) deficiency
39
How do you treat disseminated HSV
- IV Aciclovir
40
How do you treat CMV
For babies with symptomatic disease: | - IV ganciclovir (requires a central line) or oral valganciclovir (pro-drug of ganciclovir) – inhibits DNA synthesis
41
How do you reduce the risk of HepB transmission at birth
- give Hep B virus vaccine at birth and then at 1 month of age - and HBIG as well (hepatitis B immunoglobulin)
42
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis
Palivizumab (monoclonal Ab) for RSV prophylaxis - given monthly as an injection to high risk babies which prevents them from getting RSV infection
43
what vaccines can now be used for rotavirus
RotaTeq RotaRix (included in UK schedule since 2013
44
What is the treatment of chlamydia trachomatis
Azithromycin, Doxycycline
45
How do you manage genital warts
Vaccination Management - Topical podophyllotoxon, imiquimod - Cryotherapy - freeze them of
46
What is the treatment of HSV
Aciclovir Famciclovir - prodrugs Valaciclovir - prodrugs
47
What is the treatment of syphlis
Penicillin - injections | Doxycycline - for allergic to penicillin, slightly less efficous
48
what makes up HAART treatment
- protease inhibitors - integrase inhibitors - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibiters - fusion inhibitors - Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitor

Human Development 2 (34 decks)

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