Drugs Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
dexamethasome
A
synthetic steroid, binds glucocorticoid receptors (NHR)
2
Q
LSD
A
GPCR
3
Q
antidepressants
A
GPCR
4
Q
antipsychotics
A
dopamine receptors, GPCR
5
Q
anti asthma - salbutamol/salmeterol
A
B2 adrenoceptor agonists, GPCR
6
Q
progesterone
A
NHR
7
Q
oestrogen
A
NHR
8
Q
androgen
A
NHR
9
Q
verapamil (angina, high bp)
A
L type calcium channel blocker especially in heart
10
Q
nifedipine (angina, high bp)
A
calcium channel blocker
11
Q
lidocaine (local anaesthetic)
A
calcium channel blocker
12
Q
GABAa
A
ligand-gated ion channel
13
Q
serotonin
A
SHT3, ligand-gated ion channel
14
Q
ACh
A
nAChR (ligand-gated ion channel)
mAChR (GPCR)
15
Q
darifenacin
A
M3 muscarinic (GPCR) competitive antagonist
16
Q
pilocarpine
A
agonist for glaucoma at muscarinic GPCR
17
Q
bethanechol
A
agonist for bladder disorders at muscarinic GPCR
18
Q
atropine
A
antagonist for bradycardia at muscarinic GPCR in SAN
19
Q
scopolamine
A
antagonist for nausea at muscarinic GPCR
20
Q
benzatropine
A
antagonist for movement disorder/psychosis at muscarinic GPCR
21
Q
noradrenaline
A
a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)
22
Q
adrenaline
A
a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)
23
Q
isoprenaline
A
a + b adrenoceptors (GPCR)
24
Q
doxazosin
A
a1 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension
25
phentolamine
a1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist
26
chlorpromazine
a1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist
27
butoxamine
b2 adrenoceptor antagonist
28
atenolol
b1 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension
29
propranolol
b1 + 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, hypertension
30
phenylephrine
a1 adrenoceptor agonist
31
dobutamine
b1 adrenoceptor agonist
32
citalopram (antidepressant)
binds to serotonin transporter (SERT) 50x tighter in S form
33
aripiprazole
partial agonist at dopamine D2 GPCR
34
perindopril
ACE inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme)
35
amlodipine (hypertension) (type of dihydropyridine)
L type calcium channel blocker, angina
36
bendroflumethiazide (hypertension)
thiazide diuretic
37
chlorthalidone/chlortalidone (hypertension)
thiazide (related) diuretic
38
lisinopril (hypertension)
ACE inhibitor
Used to treat hypertension but also to treat cardiac failure. It acts by reducing pre- and after-load, via suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
39
diltiazam (type of benzothiazepine)
L type calcium channel blocker
40
-pril?
ACE inhibitor
41
-artan?
ATII antagonist (angiotensin II receptor)
42
-ipine?
calcium channel blocker
43
-olol
b blockers
44
-zosin
a blockers
45
furosemide (frusemide)
```
loop diuretic (strongest) heart failure, renal failure, hypertension with renal failure
Used to treat heart failure by reducing peripheral and pulmonary oedema.
```
46
bumetanide
loop diuretic (strong) heart failure, renal failure, hypertension with renal failure
47
spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretic, prevent hypokalaemia in hypertension treatment. aldosterone antagonist at mineralocorticoid receptor (NHR)
48
amiloride
potassium sparing diuretic, prevent hypokalaemia in hypertension treatment. blocks ENaC channel directly (ion gated channel)
49
angiotensin II
GPCR
50
aliskerin
renin inhibitor, treat hypertension
51
bisoprolol
b1 most selectove b adrenoceptor antagonist
| licensed to treat heart failure
52
statins
hyperlipidaemia and unstable angina, type of organic nitrate
53
ezetimibe
hyperlipidaemia, inhibits cholesterol transporter in gut
54
atorvastatin
type of statin, competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol, and prevent further thrombosis as an anti-platelet drug
55
fibrates
agonists at NHR for hyperlipidaemia
56
nicotinic acids (vit B5)
hyperlipidaemia GPCR
57
olestra
fat substitute, bad
58
short acting nitrate
step one NICE care pathways for short term unstable angina relief by reducing cardiac load
59
aspirin
type of organic nitrate, anti platelet drug so prevents further thrombosis
via irriversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase in plateletscl
60
prodrug
must be metabolised to be used
61
long acting nitrates
nitrous oxide as active principle
62
nicorandil
angina, partially an organic nitrate (???) activates potassium channels
63
TPA
dissolves blood clots to treat stroke if administered within 6-8 hours
64
IL-1Ra
competitive selective antagonist of IL-1 (interleukin 1) to reduce brain injury from stroke
65
ticagrelor
antiplatelet drug prevents further thrombosis via allosterically reversibly inhibiting ADP receptor
66
heparins (clotting)
```
sulphated mucopolysaccharides, very -ve.
standard (high molecular weight)
inhibits thrombin(directly), Xa and IXa (indirectly) with antithrombin III
LMW
increases ATIII affinity for Xa
```
67
fondaparinux(enoxaparin)
synthetic LMW heparin
68
warfarin (clotting)
rat poison
| competitive antagonist of vitK reductase
69
dabigatran (clotting)
directly inhibits thrombin
70
rivaroxaban (clotting)
directly inhibits factor Xa
71
cyclooxygenase
synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 for no clotting and clotting respectively
72
prostacyclin (PGI2)
increases cAMP so stops platelet aggregation
73
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
released from platelets to cause expression of glycoprotein receptors which bind fibrinogen
74
clopidogrel (clotting)
inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors irriversibly
75
dipyridamole (clotting)
PDE3 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase) prevents breakdown of cAMP
76
fibrinolytics/thrombolytic drugs
clot busters - help formation of plasmin to degrade fibrin
| 4.5 hour treatment window
77
reteplase
mutated (for stability) version of tissue plasminogen activator analogue (thrombolytic drug)
78
alteplase
tissue plasminogen activator analogue (thrombolytic drug)
79
streptokinase
thrombolytic drug not often used in UK/US
80
isosorbide dinitrate
An organic nitrate with a similar mechanism to GTN. Used to treat heart failure in combination with hydralazine. Can be swallowed and has a longer duration of action, but tolerance can develop. The isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine combination works best in black patients
81
captopril
An ACE inhibitor. Used to treat hypertension but also to treat cardiac failure. It acts by reducing pre- and after-load, via suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
82
carvedilol
A beta blocker that also has actions at alpha adrenoceptors. Has been shown to be of benefit in heart failure (improves patients' quality of life and increases their survival time).
83
metoprolol
A beta 1 receptor blocker. Has been shown to be of benefit in heart failure (improves patients' quality of life and increases their survival time).
84
digoxin
A cardiac glycoside from foxglove plants. Inhibits the sodium pump by competing with potassium. Increases cardiac output without increasing oxygen consumption. Has a very narrow therapeutic window.
85
sacubitril
An inhibitor of neprilysin. Blocks the breakdown of cardiac natriuretic peptides, which oppose the actions of the renin-angiotensin, aldosterone system. Used in combination with valsartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) in heart failure.
86
ivabradine
Inhibits the pacemaker current in the sinoatrial node, slowing the heart. Used as an adjuvant in moderate to severe heart failure.
