Drugs Acting on the Blood

Question 1

What is Microcytic (hypochromic) anemia?

Answer 1

Presence of smaller than normal hypochromic (pale) RBC, low

Question 2

What is macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia?

Answer 2

Larger than normal RBC with insufficient concentrations of hg

Question 3

What is Normocytic anemia?

Answer 3

Normal MCV but decreased hematocrit and hg

Question 4

What is Immune mediate hemolytic anemia?

Answer 4

RBC destroyed and removed from bloodstream before normal lifespan over & BM can’t make RBC fast enough to meet body’s need

Question 5

Which type(s) of anemia are hypoproliferative?

Answer 5

Microcytic
Macrocytic
Normocytic

Question 6

Which type(s) of anemia are hyperproliferative?

Answer 6

Hemolytic

Question 7

Common causes of microcytic anemia:

Answer 7

Fe deficiency
Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic

Question 8

Common causes of macrocytic anemia:

Answer 8

Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folic Acid deficiency
Myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 9

Common causes of Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 9

Autoimmune
Hemoglobinopathies
Membrane Disorder
Drug-induced
Metabolic abnormality
Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase deficiency
Infections

Question 10

Why does Fe deficiency cause anemia?

Answer 10

Fe is a part of heme, heme is a part of hg, hg, carries O2, hg is part of RBC

Question 11

What kinds of Iron preparations can you give to tx microcytic anemia?

Answer 11

Parental

Oral

Question 12

Parental Fe preparations:

Answer 12

Fe Carbohydrate complexes

Iron Dextran injection [INF- eD[

Question 13

Oral Fe preparations:

Answer 13

Ferrous chloride/phosphate/sulfate

Question 14

Fe negatives

Answer 14

potent
irritant
toxin
stringent

Question 15

Which type of Fe preparation/administration causes a more hypersensitivity rxn?

Answer 15

IV

Question 16

Too much Fe orally can lead to what?

Answer 16

ulcers, bleeding, shock

Question 17

Which is better administered PO? Organic or Inorganic

Answer 17

Organic

is less irritating

Question 18

When do piglets get microcytic anemia?

Answer 18

With dietary Fe or Cu deficiency.

Piglets are normally raised on soy b/c sow’s milk only gives ~1/7 of daily Fe requirement

Question 19

How can Cu deficiency cause anemia?

Answer 19

Fe is a component of Cu.
Cu is important for Fe absorption.
Cu is a component in cytochrome oxidase

Question 20

What results in too much Fe & what causes accumulation of Fe?

Answer 20

Fe will go into liver, then eventually outside of liver into other tissues»>death

Most animals cannot eliminate Fe

Question 21

Which anemia do ruminants get with Cobalt deficiency?

Answer 21

Macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia

Question 22

Why would you give a Erythropoeitin, EPO (Epogen) injection to a dog?

Answer 22

dog has CRF macrocytic anemia

Question 23

Where is Erythropoeitin produced and what is its purpose?

Answer 23

Kidney

acts on bone marrow to produce more RBC

Question 24

Can Epogen injectable increase BP?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

How can you treat macrocytic anemia in ruminants?

Answer 25

Give cobalt

Question 26

How can you treat Normocytic anemia due to CRF or BM suppression?

Answer 26

Inj Erythropoeitin, EPO (Epogen) Iron Anabolic Steroids

Question 27

Common treatment for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia:

Answer 27

Supportive therapy Blood transfusion Immunosuppressives Intravenous gamma globulin

Question 28

Immunosuppressives (4)

Answer 28

Glucocorticoids Cytotoxic Drugs Danazol Cyclosporin A

Question 29

What are glucocorticoids used for? Name them

Answer 29

Immunosuppressives to txn IMHA: | Prednisone, Prednisolone

Question 30

Prednisone & Prednisolone general info

Answer 30

Many species | Glucocorticoid catabolic steroids to suppress immune system, potent anti-inflammatory

Question 31

Cytotoxic drugs

Answer 31

Immunosuppressives to txn IMHA: | Cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine

Question 32

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 32

Dogs & Cats | Cytotoxic drug for antineoplasm/ immunosuppressive

Question 33

Additional uses of Prednisone & Prednisolone

Answer 33

Cancer chemotherapy (mast cell tumors) CNS disorders (after trauma, reduce swelling brain and SC) Shock (improve circulation) Reduce Blood Ca++ (back to normal levels)

Question 34

Additional uses of Cyclophosphamide

Answer 34

Cancer chemotherapy (BM/Blood cell cancers, lymphoma)

Question 35

Azathioprine

Answer 35

Dogs | Cytotoxic immunosuppressive agent to tx immune mediate/autoimmune diseases

Question 36

Why not azathioprine in cats?

Answer 36

Sensitive/toxic to BM; but may be used to tx some feline autoimmune skin conditions

Question 37

Danazol

Answer 37

Dogs & Cats Synthetic Androgen, Immunosuppressive: adjunctive therapy with corticosteroids to tx autoimmune hemolytic anemia & thrombocytopenia

Question 38

Is Danazol commonly used in Vet Medicine?

Answer 38

No. Expensive, unpredictable efficacy

Question 39

Cyclosporin A

Answer 39

Dogs & Cats | Immunosuppressive for immune mediated diseases; protocol to reduce the rejection of allografts in transplant medicine

Question 40

Colony Stimulating Factors definition

Answer 40

Growth factors, to stimulate growth of N0; use in cancer patient to decrease possibility of infection

Question 41

CSF drugs

Answer 41

Filgrastim & Sargramostim

Question 42

Filgrastim

Answer 42

Dogs, Cats: Not species specific; G- CSF

Question 43

MOA Filgrastim

Answer 43

Stimulates progenitors of ONLY N0>> maturation, differentiation, proliferation

Question 44

MOA Sagramostim

Answer 44

stimulates growth & dvp of N0, Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, M0

Question 45

Clinical Use of CSF(Filgrastim & Sagramostim)

Answer 45

Anticancer, chemotherapy-induce neutropenia

Question 46

Adverse Effects of CSF (Filgrastim & Sagramostim)

Answer 46

Bone Pain in BM (site of maturation)

Question 47

Adverse effects of Sargramostim

Answer 47

Fever & Cardiopulmonary toxicity

Question 48

Hemostatics

Answer 48

Used to control/treat hemorrhaging & bleeding

Question 49

Define: Local Hemostatics (Styptics)

Answer 49

Used to tx external bleeding. | Contracts tissue, seals injured blood vessel; vasoconstriction/platelet aggregation

Question 50

Define: Systemic Hemostatics

Answer 50

Used to tx internal bleeding. | Inhinit fibrinolysis, promote coagulation

Question 51

Epinephrine

Answer 51

Local Hemostatic Vasoconstrictor: tx anaphylaxis or cardiac resuscitation

Question 52

Epinephrine MOA

Answer 52

alpha 1/beta agonist, antagonizes histamine IV fast- rapid heart stimulation (HR/contractility/systolic BP) IV slow modest rise decrease total peripheral resistance

Question 53

Types of Local Hemostatics (Stypics)

Answer 53

Vasoconstrictors Astringents Surgical Physiological

Question 54

Which is more astringent? (Tannic acid or Ferric Chloride)

Answer 54

Ferric Chloride

Question 55

Where can you find tannic acid naturally?

Answer 55

Plants! | Tea, Coffee, etc.

Question 56

Types of Systemic Hemostatics

Answer 56

``` Clotting factors Vitamin K Protamine sulfate Aminocarproic acid Desmopressin (DDAVP) ```