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7453 Neuro Test 4 > Drugs, Alcohol, and Nicotine abuse > Flashcards

Drugs, Alcohol, and Nicotine abuse Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

The typical drink has ___ grams of ethanol.

A

12

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2
Q

Coronary heart disease follows a __ shaped dose-response curve.

A

J

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3
Q

Low to moderate drinkers < __ gm/day have a lower risk of CHD.

A

20

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4
Q

Consumption of > __ gm/day ethanol have higher risk of CHD

A

70

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5
Q

Irregular heavy drinking (binge) is defined as > __ drinks taken in < __ hrs

A

5, 2

increases CHD and sudden cardiac death

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6
Q

The guidelines state __gm/week for men

A

196

11 glasses of wine or beer pints

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7
Q

The guidelines state __gm/week for women

A

98

7 drinks

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8
Q

Which 3 countries guidelines allow for 50% higher alcohol consumption?

A
  • Italy
  • Portugal
  • Spain
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9
Q

Which country guidelines call for 50% lower alcohol consumption?

A

United Kingdom

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10
Q

Can alcohol consumption lower incidence of stroke?

A

no

lowers coronary risk, but not stroke, lowers all cause mortality

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11
Q

Alcohol cancer and CHD incidences are lower in __ countries.

a. developed
b. developing

A

b. developing

they have other problems

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12
Q

Decreased inhibitions, and a slight feeling of intoxication occurs at what blood level?

A

0.02 g/dL

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13
Q

Decrease in complex cognitive functions and motor performance occurs at what blood level?

A

0.08 g/dL

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14
Q

Obvious slurred speech, motor incoordination, irritability, and poor judgement occurs at what blood level?

A

0.2 g/dL

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15
Q

Light coma and depressed vital signs occur at what blood level?

A

0.3 g/dL

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16
Q

Death occurs at what blood level?

A

0.4 g/dL

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17
Q

Response times decrease with alcohol and driving.

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

response times didn’t change, but perception probably did

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18
Q

What time do most alcohol crash fatalities occur?

A

Friday 12am to 6am on Saturday

Saturday 12am to 6am Sunday

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19
Q

Alcohol can cause a type of cerebella degeneration called ___ that leads to ataxia and encephalopathy.

20
Q

Alcohol can cause ___, which is a retrograde and anterograde amnesia related to thiamine deficiency.

Study These Flashcards
A

Korsakoff’s

21
Q

___ drinks/day increase a woman’s risk of cancer by 1.4 fold.

Study These Flashcards
A

1.5

esophageal 3 fold increase
rectal 1.5 fold increase

22
Q

Alcohol can ___ RBC size

a. increase
b. decrease

Study These Flashcards
A

a. increase

various anemia with folic acid reduction

23
Q

What two races have highest mortality from cirrhosis and liver cancer associated with alcohol?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • native americans

- african Americans

24
Q

Is cirrhosis mortality higher in men or women?

25
3 major alcoholic liver diseases?
- alcoholic hepatitis - fatty liver disease - cirrhosis
26
What is most common alcoholic liver disease?
fatty liver
27
Mortality is almost 60% for alcoholic hepatitis concurrent with cirrhosis at __ years.
4
28
Chronic/excessive drinkers of __ to __ gm/day have alcohol related medical conditions.
20, 50
29
Both fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis are potentially reversible when drinking stops. a. true b. false
a. true
30
An AST/ALT ratio of > __ indicates alcoholic liver disease.
1
31
Decreased __ causes vitamin K decrease and increased bleeding
folate
32
Decrease in what vitamin causes Wernicke's encephalopathy?
B1 (thiamine) B3 and B6 also contribute
33
Decrease in what vitamin causes megaloblastic anemia and folate reduction?
B12
34
Vitamin _ decrease causes decreased bone density and mass.
D
35
4 vitamins/nutrient depleted in alcoholism?
A, C, E, selenium
36
3 main areas of medical conditions associated with alcohol?
- cardiovascular - liver - GI
37
3 main areas of medical conditions associated with tobacco?
- CHD - cancer - pulmonary
38
Smoking is highest in what country?
Saudi Arabia
39
Smoking is lowest in what country?
Iceland
40
European studies reported a __ fold increase in lung cancer for cigar smokers.
9
41
What type of cancer is most common from tobacco?
oropharynx OR of 2.61 upper respiratory tract OR 2.02 Lung cancer OR 2.14
42
Waterpipe smoking is not as bad as cigarettes/cigars. a. true b. false
b. false
43
Who has most fatalities from secondhand smoke?
women 47%
44
What type of smoking device is designed for one time use?
puff bars
45
__ combined with nicotine causes almost double the dopamine effect
menthol
46
What 4 organ systems are affected with long term alcohol use?
- cardiovascular - hepatic - GI - CNS

7453 Neuro Test 4 (9 decks)

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