Drugs and the nervous system

Question 1

What does dopamine do

Answer 1

Affects mood and reward seeking behaviour

Question 2

Where does dopamine bind?

Answer 2

D1-5 receptors

Question 3

List some dopamine agonists and state the conditions they are used in

Answer 3

Pramipexole, ropinirole, levodopa, apomorphine - Parkinson’s disease

Cabergoline - hyperprolactaemia and acromegaly

Question 4

List some dopamine antagonists and state the conditions they are used in

Answer 4

Chlorpromazine - schizophrenia

Metoclopramide - nausea

Question 5

What may inhibition of dopamine cause

Answer 5

Drug induced parkinsonism

Question 6

What might too much dopamine cause

Answer 6

Gambling and drug addiction

Question 7

Where does serotonin act?

Answer 7

Many types of serotonin receptor 5HT1-7

Question 8

List some drugs which increase the activity of serotonin and state what they are used in

Answer 8

Lithium - mood stabiliser
Sumatriptan - migraine
Buspirone - (partial agonist) - anxiety
Sertraline and fluoxetine - depression

Question 9

List some serotonin antagonists and state what they are used for

Answer 9

Ondansetron - nausea
Mirtazapine - depression
Olanzapine and clozapine - schizophrenia

Question 10

Name some excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 10

Glutamate and aspartate

Question 11

Name some inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

Where do glutamate and aspartate act?

Answer 12

NMDA and non-NMDA receptors

Question 13

In what conditions are the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate important in?

Answer 13

Epilepsy and CNS ischaemia

Question 14

List some GABA agonists and state what they are used in

Answer 14

(Alcohol)
Gabapentin, valproate - epilepsy and neuropathic pain
Benzodiazepines - sedation
Baclofen - spasticity

Question 15

Name a glutamate antagonist and state its use

Answer 15

Memantine - dementia

Question 16

Name the two classes of acetylcholine receptor

Answer 16

Muscarinic

Nicotinic

Question 17

Name some peripheral acetylcholine agonists and state their use

Answer 17

Pilocarpine - glaucoma

Acetylcholinesterase’s - myasthenia

Question 18

Name some peripheral acetylcholine antagonists and state their use

Answer 18

Ipatropium - asthma
Atropine - Increase heart rate

Dilate pupils
Dry up secretions pre-op

Question 19

Name some centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and state their use

Answer 19

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine - used in dementia

Question 20

Name some centrally acting acetylcholine antagonists and state their use

Answer 20

Procyclidine and trihexyphenidyl - drug induced parkinsonism

Question 21

When might purinergic receptor blockers be useful

Answer 21

Emerging role in chronic pain

Question 22

Give an example of an antihistamine used in the treatment of nausea

Answer 22

Cyclizine

Question 23

Name 2 neuropeptides

Answer 23

Opioids

Substance P

Question 24

Name a substance P receptor blocker and give its use

Answer 24

Aprepitant

Chemo related nausea

Question 25

What receptors do noradrenaline and adrenaline work on

Answer 25

Alpha 1-2
Beta 1-2
Noradrenaline is more specific for alpha receptors

Question 26

What do alpha receptors drive in the periphery?

Answer 26

Vasoconstriction and pupil dilation

Question 27

In the periphery what do B1 receptors drive?

Answer 27

Increase pulse and myocardial contractility

Question 28

In the periphery what do B2 receptors drive?

Answer 28

Bronchodilation, uterine relaxation and arteriolar vasodilation