Drugs: Anti-Virals (Non-HIV) Flashcards Preview

Block 7 Microbiology > Drugs: Anti-Virals (Non-HIV) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Drugs: Anti-Virals (Non-HIV) Deck (22)
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1
Q

Prophylactic Immunizations

A

MMR, varicella, HPV, polio, HAV, HBV, shingles, influenza

2
Q

Gamma Globulins

A

endogenous and very specific. Given IM or IV to block penetration of viruses during early incubation.

3
Q

Treatment of Influenza

A

Amantadine/Rimantadine

Zanamivir (relenza)/Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

4
Q

Amantadine/Rimantadine

A

inhibits uncoating of virus by bind M2 protein (ion channel allowing for acidification of virus core-> RNA tx).
(improves Parkinson’s sx)
Adverse Rxn: anorexia, insomnia, drowsiness, * ataxia, dizziness, hallucinations.
Amantadine- 90% excreted unchanged.
Rimantadine- metabolized by liver, fewer CNS effects

5
Q

Zanamivir/Oseltamivir

A

*Neuraminidase inhibitors that reduce the release of virus from infected cells. Reduce duration of symptoms and transmission.
Zanamivir (nasal spray)- bronchospasm
Oseltamivir (oral)- GI upset

6
Q

Treatment of Herpes and CMV

A

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir (valtrex)
Gancyclovir

7
Q

Acyclovir

A

MOA: Chain terminator….guanosine analogue -> phosphorylates by viral TK (thymidine kinase) to acycloGTP => inhibition of viral DNA polymerase.
Use: HSV, varicella zoster, EBV
Ad rxn: well tolerated. CNS, tremor, renal tox.
**10-20% bioavailability

8
Q

Valacyclovir (valtrex)

A

prodrug = hydrolyzed to acyclovir in liver. 48% bioavailability!
(also: Penciclovir, Famciclovir)

9
Q

Docosanol

A

OTC inhibits fusion of HSV envelope to membrane = reduced healing time and replication.

10
Q

Ganciclovir

A

More potent than acyclovir.
Use: CMV, CMV RETINITIS and CMV infection in HIV, immunocompromised pts.
***Ad rxn: MYELOSUPPRESSION, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, ANEMIA, renal impairment.
->valganciclovir = better bioavailablity

11
Q

Foscarnet

A

Use: acyclovir resistant herpes. HIV + CMV or herpes
MOA: Non-nucleoside inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Can be combined with ganciclovir

12
Q

Treatment of Chronic Hep B

A
Pegylated IFN 
Lamivudine 
Adefovir 
Enecavir 
Telbivudine 
(HIV drugs may be used to help manage infections as well)
13
Q

Treatment of Chronic Hep C

A

*Pegylated IFN + Ribavirin + Protease Inhibitor

PIS: telaprevir, simeprevir, boceprevir, (serine) sofosbuvir

14
Q

Interferons

A

Use: genital warts, HCV, HBV, AIDS- Karposi’s sarcoma
MOA: phosphorylate signal transducers and activate tx of proteins that aid in cellular immunity. Blocks penetration. Ie. JAK kinase
1) degrade mRNA (oligo)
2) inactivate elongation initiation factor-2 (protein kinase)
3) inhibit tRNA peptide elongation
*AE: flu like symptoms, fever, decreased WBCs

15
Q

Ribavirin

A

MOA: guanosine analogue, depleted intracellular GTP - inhibits protein synthesis.
Use: Hep C, RSV in children, Lassa Fever

16
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

telaprevir, simeprevir, boceprevir = serine protease inhibitors
sofosbuvir = inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

17
Q

Palivizumab

A

humanized monoclonal antibody - block viral attachment.

Use: prevention of RSV in high risk babies/kids.

18
Q

Treatment of HPV

A

HPV vaccine (Gardisil)
Trichloroacetic acid
Podophyllin
Cryotherapy

19
Q

Treatment of CMV

A

ganciclovir, foscarnet

20
Q

Treatment of RSV

A

ribavirin, palivizumab

21
Q

Treatment of EBV

A

Acyclovir or Cyclophosphamide (if TK target for acyclovir not expressed)

22
Q

Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Castleman’s Disease

A

HHV-8 (production of VEGF -> purple lesions)

Rituximab