drugs compilation -exam 2 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
atropine
A
anti muscarinic -tertiary -natural
Antidote for cholinergic agonists.!!
2
Q
scopolamine
A
anti muscarinin
tertiary
natural
• Prevention of motion sickness.
• To block short-term memory: sometimes used in
anaesthetic procedures
3
Q
homotropium
A
anti muscarnic
tertiary synthetic
• Used as mydriatic for fundoscopy.
• Produce mydriasis with cycloplegia.
• Preferred to atropine because of shorter
duration of action.
4
Q
tropicamide
A
anti muscarinic
tertiary syntehtic
• Used as mydriatic for fundoscopy.
• Produce mydriasis with cycloplegia.
• Preferred to atropine because of shorter
duration of action.
5
Q
benzatropine
A
parkinsons
anti muscarinic
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease and the
extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic drugs.
6
Q
trihexphenhydramine
A
anit muscarinic
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease and the
extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic drugs.
7
Q
irpratropium
A
anti muscarinic
Used as inhalational drugs in the treatment of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Also used as inhalational drugs in asthma
8
Q
tiotropium
A
anti muscarinic
Used as inhalational drugs in the treatment of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Also used as inhalational drugs in asthma
9
Q
glycopyrolate
A
anti muscarinic
Used orally to inhibit GI motility.
• Used parenterally to prevent bradycardia during
surgical procedures
10
Q
tolteradone
A
anti muscarinic
Used for overactive bladder
11
Q
nicotine
A
ganglion block prolong depolarizer
anti-nictonic >?
cholinergic agnoist
12
Q
hexamethonium
A
nictonie receptor blocker
13
Q
mecamylamine
A
nictone receptor blocekr
14
Q
tubocurarine
A
non depoalrising NMJ blocker
Adjuvant drugs in anaesthesia during surgery to
relax skeletal muscle
15
Q
succinylcholine
A
depolarizing NMJ blocker
- Rapid endotracheal intubation.
- EC
16
Q
dantrolene
A
block succinylcholine hyperthermia
17
Q
hemicholinium 3
A
ACh inhibitor of syntheiss
Prevents uptake of choline required for ACh
synthesis.
18
Q
vesamicol
A
ach storage inhibitor
blocks the ACh-H+ antiporter that is
used to transport ACh into vesicles, thereby
preventing the storage of ACh.
19
Q
botulinium toxin
A
release inhbitor of ach
Inhibits acetylcholine release. • Injected locally into muscles for treatment of several diseases involving muscle spasms. • Also approved for cosmetic treatment of facial wrinkles.
20
Q
carbachol
A
direct cholinergic agonist
Both muscarinic and nicotinic agonist. USES • Miosis during surgery. • Reduces intraocular pressure after cataract surgery.
21
Q
bethanichol
A
direct cholinergic agonist
Muscarinic agonist.
USES
• Postoperative and postpartum urinary retention.
• Atony of the urinary bladder.
22
Q
methcholine
A
direct cholinergic agonist
• Muscarinic agonist.
USES
• Diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperreactivity in
subjects who do not have clinically apparent
asthma.
23
Q
ach
A
direct cholinergic agonist
24
Q
pilocarpine
A
direct actign alkaloids –ach agonist
• Second line agent for open angle glaucoma.
• Management of acute angle-closure glaucoma.
• Treatment of dry mouth due to radiotherapy for
cancer of head and neck.
• Treatment of dry mouth caused by Sjogren’s
Syndrome.
25
edrophonium
indirect ach agonist
Used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
Edrophonium IV leads to rapid increase in
muscle strength.
• Used to reverse the neuromuscular block
produced by non-depolarizing muscular
blockers.
26
physostigmine
indirect ach agonist
Treatment of overdoses of anticholinergic
drugs.
27
pyridostigmine
indirect ach agonist
Treatment of myasthenia gravis.
28
neostigmine
indirect ach agonist
Postoperative urinary retention.
• Reversal of effects of non-depolarizing
neuromuscular blockers after surgery.
• Treatment of myasthenia gravis
29
melathion
indirect ach agonist
30
parathion
indirect ach agonist
31
echothiphate
indirect ach agonist
32
isoproterenol
non selective b agonist
direct acting
Isoproterenol may be used in emergencies to
stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia
or heart block.
33
dobutamine
selective b1 blocker
direct acting
Management of acute heart failure.
• Management of cardiogenic shock.
34
albuterol
b2 selective blocker
direct acting
Asthma --fast acting
35
solmeterol
b2 slecetive blocker
direct acting
Asthma -slow acting
36
formoterol
b2 slective blocker
direct acting
asthma -slow acting
37
phenlephrine
a1 selective blocker
direct acting
direct acting
```
• Nasal decongestant . Given orally
or topically.
• Mydriatic.
• Used to increase blood pressure
in hypotension resulting from
vasodilation in septic shock or
anesthesia.
• Used to increase blood pressure
and terminate episodes of
supraventricular tachycardia
```
38
clonidine
a2 selective blocker
direct acting
Partial 2 agonist.
• Centrally acting antihypertensive.
• Activates central presynaptic 2-adrenoceptors.
• Reduces sympathetic outflow. This reduces
blood pressure.
• Adverse effects: lethargy, sedation, xerostomia
39
methyldopa
a2 selective blocker
direct acting
!!Drug of choice for treatment of hypertension
during pregnancy.!!
40
brimonidine
a2 selective blocker
direct acting
Given ocularly to lower intraocular pressure in
glaucoma.
41
amphetamine
indirect acting
releasing inhibitors
ADHD
• Narcolepsy
42
mehylphendiate
indirect acting
release inhibitors
* Structural analogue of amphetamine.
* Used to treat ADHD in children
43
tyramine
indirect acting
release inhibitors
```
Found in fermented foods
such as ripe cheese and
Chianti wine.
• Normally oxidized by MAO.
• If the patient is taking MAO
inhibitors, it can precipitate
serious vasopressor
episodes
```
44
cocaine
indirect acting
uptake inhibitors
This results in potentiation and prolongation of
their central and peripheral actions
45
atomoxetine
indirect acting
uptake inhbitors
Indicated for the treatment of ADHD
46
modafenil
uptake inhibtor
indirect acting
• Used for the treatment of narcolepsy
47
ephdrine /pseudepdrine
mixed acting adrenergic agonist
ephdrine --Used as a pressor agent, particularly during
spinal anesthesia.
• Used in myasthenia gravis.
pseud---One of four ephedrine enantiomers.
• Available over the counter as a component of
many decongestant mixtures.
48
phenoxybenzamine
non selective adrenergic blocker
Used in Pheochromocytoma
• Prior to surgical removal of the tumor.
• For chronic management of inoperable
tumors.
49
phentolamine
non selective adrenergic blocker
Pheochromocytoma: control of hypertension
during preoperative preparation and surgical
excision.
• Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: phentolamine
blocking test.
• Prevention of dermal necrosis after extravasation
of norepinephrine.
•!!!Hypertensive crisis due to stimulant drug
overdose. 1!!
50
prazosin
a1 selective adrenergic blocker
51
terazosin
a1 selective adrenergic blocker
Used for hypertension and BPH.
52
doxazosin
a1 selective adrenergic blocker
Used for hypertension and BPH.
53
tamsulosin
a1 selective adrenergic blocker
Tamsulosin is selective for α1A
-receptors.
• Approved for BPH.
54
propranolol
non selective b blocker
55
nadolol
non selective b blocker
56
timolol
non selective b blocker
lowers intraocular proessure
57
atenolol
b1 selective blocker
Useful in hypertensive patients with impaired
pulmonary function.
• Useful in diabetic hypertensive patients who are
receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
58
metoprolol
b1 selective blocker
Useful in hypertensive patients with impaired
pulmonary function.
• Useful in diabetic hypertensive patients who are
receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
59
esmolol
b1 selective blocker
For rapid control of ventricular rate in patients
with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutte
60
labetolol
a/b blocker
Competitive antagonist at and 1 receptors.
• More potent as a -antagonist than as an αantagonist.
• Used in hypertension.
61
carvidolol
a/b blocker
Has antioxidant properties.
• Used in hypertension and CHF
62
pindolol
partial b blocker
63
a methyltyrosine
inhibitor of NE synthesis
Used for management of malignant
pheochromocytoma.
• Used in preoperative preparation of patients for
resection of pheochromocytoma.
64
reserpine
NE storage blocker
Gradual decrease in blood pressure and slowing
of cardiac rate.
• Used in the past to treat hypertensionv
65
tetrabenzine
ne storage block reversible
Indicated for the treatment of chorea associated
with Huntington's Disease.
66
nedocromil
histamine release inhibitor
Reduce immunologic mast cell degranulation.
• 2-agonists also appear capable of reducing
histamine release.
67
cromolyn
histamine release inhbitor
Reduce immunologic mast cell degranulation.
• 2-agonists also appear capable of reducing
histamine release.
68
chlorpheniramine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
69
cyclizine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
70
meclazine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
71
dimenhydrinate
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
72
diphenhudramine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
73
hydroxyzine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
74
promethazine
H1 antagonist -1st gen
somanifacients/motion sickness/allergic ehinitis/ utricaria
75
fexofenadine
H1 antagonist -2nd gen
76
loratedine
H1 antagonist -2nd gen
77
cetirizine
H1 antagonist -2nd gen
78
cimitidine
H2 antagonist
Peptic ulcers: promote healing of duodenal and
gastric ulcers.
• Acute stress ulcers
• GERD: effective in prevention and treatment of
heart-burn.
79
rantidine
H2 antagonist
Peptic ulcers: promote healing of duodenal and
gastric ulcers.
• Acute stress ulcers
• GERD: effective in prevention and treatment of
heart-burn.
80
famotidine
H2 antagonist
Peptic ulcers: promote healing of duodenal and
gastric ulcers.
• Acute stress ulcers
• GERD: effective in prevention and treatment of
heart-burn.
81
nizatidine
h2 antagonist
Peptic ulcers: promote healing of duodenal and
gastric ulcers.
• Acute stress ulcers
• GERD: effective in prevention and treatment of
heart-burn.
82
sumatriptan
5-HT1d/1b agonist
migraine
83
metoclopramide
5-HT4 antagonist
Prokinetic agent.
• Its administration results in coordinated
contractions that enhance transit.
• The most common adverse effects are
somnolence, nervousness and dystonic reactions.
• Extrapyramidal effects and tardive dyskinesia,
although rare, may occur.
84
cisapride
5-HT-4 agonist
Prokinetic agent.
• Prolongs QT interval.
• Due to serious cardiac adverse effects it is no
longer generally available in the US.
• The drug is available only on a limited basis.
85
cyproheptadine
5-ht-2 antagonist
* Allergic rhinitis
* Vasomotor rhinitis
* Management of serotonin syndrome.
86
ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Anti-emetic.
• Particularly for the severe nausea and vomiting
that occurs with cancer chemotherapy.
87
egotamine
serotonin antagonist
| migraine
88
dihydroergotamine
serotonin antagonist
| migraine
89
bromocriptine
serotonin antagonist
| hyperprolactinemia
90
cabergoline
serotonin antagonist
| hyperprolactinemia
91
oxytocin
serotonin antagonist ??
| postpartum hemmorhage
92
ergonovine
serotonin antagonist ??
postpartum hemmorhage
dignosis of variant angina
93
methylergonovine
serotonin antagonist ??
| postpartum hemmorhage
94
dinoprostone
PGE2 eicosanoid
To ripen cervix at or near term.
• Abortifacient.
95
misorpostol
PGE1 eicosanoid
Prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high
doses of NSAIDs.
• To ripen the cervix at or near term.
• Management of postpartum hemorrhage.
• Abortifacient in combination with the antiprogestin
mifepristone or methotrexate
96
alprostadil
PGE1
eicosanoid
(keeps ductus arteriosus patent +impotence)
97
prostacyclin -epoprostenol
PGI2
for reducing pulmonary hypertension
To prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis
machines.
98
latanoprost
treatment of glaucoma
| PGF2a derivative
99
zileuton
antagonist for 5-lipoxygenase
100
zafirlukast
LTD4 antagonist
101
furosemide
loop diuretic
```
Increased Ca2+ excretion
• Increased Mg2+ excretion
• Decreased renal vascular resistance
• Increased renal blood flow
• Increased prostaglandin synthesis
```
102
hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic
hypertension/heart failure/hypercalciuria/ diabetes insipidus/prementrual edema
103
chlorthalidone
thiazide diuretic
hypertension/heart failure/hypercalciuria/ diabetes insipidus/prementrual edema
104
metolazone
thiazide diuretic
hypertension/heart failure/hypercalciuria/ diabetes insipidus/prementrual edema
105
spironolactone
k sparing diuretics
Heart failure/hypertension/primary hyperaldosteronism/edema
106
epleronone
k sparing diuretics
Heart failure/hypertension/primary hyperaldosteronism/edema
107
amiloride
k sparing -inhibitors of Na channels
108
triamterene
k sparing -inhibitors of Na channels
109
acetazolamide
CA inhibitor
* Glaucoma
* Epilepsy (used alone or with other antiepileptics)
* Mountain sickness prophylaxis
* Metabolic alkalosis
110
mannitol
osmotic diuretics
Increase urine flow in patients with acute renal
failure
• Reduce increased intracranial pressure &
treatment of cerebral edema
• Promote excretion of toxic substances
111
conevaptan
ADH antagonist
• Euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia
• SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
• Heart failure (only when benefits outweigh risks –
safety not established)
112
donepezil
The mainstay of therapy for patients with
Alzheimer disease is the use of centrally acting
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
113
rivastigmine
The mainstay of therapy for patients with
Alzheimer disease is the use of centrally acting
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
114
galantamine
The mainstay of therapy for patients with
Alzheimer disease is the use of centrally acting
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
115
pralidoxime
Pralidoxime can be used as
| cholinesterase regenerator --
116
epinephrine
Anaphylactic Shock: drug of choice.
• Acute asthmatic attacks.
• Cardiac arrest
• In Local Anesthetics: Epinephrine increases
duration of local anesthesia by producing
vasoconstriction at the site of injection
117
NE
Agonist at a1, a2, and b1 receptors
• Little action on b2 receptors
To treat shock because it increases vascular
resistance and therefore increases blood
pressure.
118
dopamine
D1>b1>a1
Vasodilation
• Increase in GFR
• Increase in renal blood flow
• Increase in sodium excretion
119
captopril
Hypertension (most effective in white and/or young
patients)
+ diuretic = effectiveness similar in non-black and black
patients
• Preserve renal function in patients with either diabetic
or non-diabetic nephropathy
• Effective in treatment of chronic HF
• Standard of care for patients following MI (started 24h
after end of infarction)
120
enalapril
Hypertension (most effective in white and/or young
patients)
+ diuretic = effectiveness similar in non-black and black
patients
• Preserve renal function in patients with either diabetic
or non-diabetic nephropathy
• Effective in treatment of chronic HF
• Standard of care for patients following MI (started 24h
after end of infarction)
121
lisinopril
Hypertension (most effective in white and/or young
patients)
+ diuretic = effectiveness similar in non-black and black
patients
• Preserve renal function in patients with either diabetic
or non-diabetic nephropathy
• Effective in treatment of chronic HF
• Standard of care for patients following MI (started 24h
after end of infarction)
122
losartan
ARBs
123
valsartan
ARBs
124
Aliskiren
renin inhibtor
125
verapamil
CCB (calcium channel blocker)
126
dilitazem
CCB
127
Nifedipine
CCB- dihydropyridines
128
Amlodipine
CCB-dihydropyridines
