Drugs drugs drugs Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
other name for lidocaine
A
xylocaine
2
Q
other name for esmolol
A
brevibloc
3
Q
esmolol class
A
cardio selective beta-1 receptor blocker of the sympathetic nervous system
blocks action of epinephrine and norepinephrine
4
Q
esmolol use
A
decrease HR, beta one receptor blocker
5
Q
***esmolol duration of action and onset
A
fast onset, short duration
5 minutes, 10-30 minutes
6
Q
esmolol metabolism
A
plasma cholinesterase
7
Q
metropolol other name
A
lopressor
8
Q
metropolol class
A
beta-1 receptor blocker
9
Q
metropolol use
A
lower heart rate as a B1 antagonist
10
Q
duration of action for metropolol
A
on the scale of hours
11
Q
labetalol other name
A
normodyne
12
Q
labetalol class
A
mixed antagonist a1,b1,b2
b:a=7:1
13
Q
labetalol use
A
decrease HR and BP
due to its Alpha receptor effects can dilate blood vessels
14
Q
cautions for labetalol
A
do not give to asthmatics because B2 antagonist effects can cause bronchoconstriction
15
Q
duration of action for labetalol
A
long
16
Q
four peripheral vasodilators mentioned
A
sodium nitroprusside
nitroglycerin
nicardipine
hydralazine
17
Q
**nitroglycerin bolus dose **
A
50-100 ug
18
Q
nitroglycerin supply
A
50-100 ug/mL
19
Q
nitroglycerin main area of impact in circulation
A
venous dilator
also dilates coronary arteries (can relieve angina)
20
Q
what does nitroglycerin do to ventricular wall tension?
What does it do to preload and after load?
A
decreases all
decreases overall work heart must do
after load-pressure against which heart must pump
preload- volume in heart after filling
21
Q
timing of nitroglycerin
A
works very fast
22
Q
hydralazine use
A
treats hypertension
23
Q
hydrazine and nitroglycerin class
A
hypotensive agents
24
Q
onset and duration of hydralazine
A
20 minutes
6-8 hours.. long lasting
25
hydralazine principle area of impact in circulation?
arterial dilator
26
ondansetron other name
zofran
27
ondansetron class
serotonin receptor antagonist
28
use of ondansetron
antiemetic
29
what is droperidol
an antidopaminergic drug used as an antiemetic
30
what is dexamethasone and whats its other name
an antiemetic
decadron
great for long lasting nausea prevention
31
what is diphenhydramine
Benadryl used an antiemetic
32
what is famotidine
Pepcid-controls stomach acid
33
what is metaclopramide
a GI prokinetic ...give slowly
34
what to not give metaclopramide to?
parkinsons patients
35
when do you give decadron/dexamethasone
after induction due to anal burning symptom
36
epinephrine class
catecholamine
37
three catecholamines
dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
38
two synthetic non-catecholamines
ephedrine
| phenylephrine
39
use of epinephrine(4)
increase hr and BP
treat anaphylaxis
treat bronchospasm
with use of lidocaine for vasoconstriction
40
ephedrine use
increase HR and BP
41
cautions with ephedrine
depletes norepinephrine (tachyphylaxis... need to more and more to see an effect)
42
use of phenylephrine
increase BP
| nasal decongestion
43
how does phenylephrine work?
through binding to alpha one and vasoconstriction
44
two cautions of phenylephrine
reflex bradycardia
| increase afterload .. systematic vascular resistance
45
other HR increasing drugs
anticholinergic
atropine and glycopyrrolate ..scopolamine (vagolytic)
vagus nerve is parasympathetic.. thus decreases HR
46
neostigmine caution
BLUDS
bronchoconstriction.. parasympathetic response
bradycardia
47
neostigmine class
anticholinesterase.. act increases an outcompetes the NMB
48
scopolamine isn't used very much because...
causes sedation
49
sugammadex other name
bridion
50
do not use sugammadex with
succinylcholine or cistracurium
51
sugammadex deserves caution with..
```
young women (birth control)
and for possible allergic reaction
```
52
what does acetylcholine work on
parasympathetic response.. rest and digest
| muscarinic effects are what we don't want!!
53
use for glycopyrrolate
counteract effects of neostigmine increasing amount of acetylcholine at muscarinic sites
blocks muscarinic receptors
54
other name for glycopyrrolate
robinul
55
isoflurane MAC
1.1
56
desflurane mac
6.0
57
sevoflurane mac
2.0
58
caution with desflurane
carbon monoxide...occurs with a too dry desiccator
59
caution with sevoflurane
compound A
60
gases to be avoided with reactive airways
desflurane and isoflurane
61
blood gas solubility of inhalation anesthetics
iso>sevo>des
1.4>0.65>0.42
des comes off the fastest
62
des, sevo, and iso decrease ..
MAP, systematic vascular resistance, myocardial function, tidal volume, responses to hypercarbia and hypoxia, minute ventilation
63
inhaled anesthetics des, sevo, and iso increase
HR and respiratory rate
64
MAC bar
concentrated required to block autonomic reflexes to nociceptive stimuli
2MAC
65
1.3 MAC
prevents movement in 95%
66
caution for nitrous
PONV
| cannot be used for laparoscopic
67
use for nitrous
can be used to decrease the amount of other agents needed to put someone asleep although it cannot completely keep someone asleep on its own
68
MAC awake
0.3 MAC
69
how does succinylcholine work
binds and activates receptor mimicking endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine
depolarizing NMBD
70
use of succinylcholine
intubation, paralysis, laryngospasm, RSI, super short cases,
71
onset of succinylcholine
30 seconds
72
what happens with the muscles with succinylcholine
fasiculations- small muscle contractions and relaxations
73
metabolism of succinylcholine
plasma cholinesterase
74
cautions with succinylcholine
```
malignant hyperthermia (also can happen with volatile anesthetics)
hyperkalmia
```
75
another name for succinylcholine
anectine
76
other name for rocuronium
zemuron
77
class for rocuronium
aminosteroid non depolarizing
78
use for rocuronium
paralysis, RSI
79
onset and duration of rocuronium
1-2 minutes.. as short as 30 seconds with higher doses
| 25-30 minutes
80
metabolism of rocuronium
liver and kidneys
81
other name of vecuronium
norcuron
82
class for vecuronium
aminosteroid, non depolarizing
83
metabolism of vecuronium
liver and kidneys
84
onset and duration of vecuronium
3-5 minutes
| 20-35 minutes
85
cisatracurium class
benzyl isoquinolinium non depolarizing
86
what is cisatracurium great for
renal and hepatic dysfunction patients
87
cisatracurium onset and duration
onset 3-5 minutes
| duration 20-35 minutes
88
propofol class
diisopropylphenol
89
propofol other name
diprivan
90
cautions regarding propofol
```
bacterial growth (throw away every 6 hours)
soy or egg allergy
hypotension- vasodilation
burns on injection
apnea-dose dependent
```
91
something really great about propofol
decreases PONV
92
why such rapid awakening with propofol?
it is redistributed to other tissues
93
other name of propofol
diprivan
94
etomidate other name
amidate
95
whats great about etomidate
cardiovascular stability
| doesn't cause apnea/respiratory depression
96
cation for etomidate
pain on injection (propylene glycol)
myoclonus
increased PONV
decreases ICP
97
ketamine other name
ketalar
98
ketamine class
phencyclidine
99
use of ketamine
induction, analgesia, amnesia
100
caution with ketamine
emergence delirium
101
ester local anesthetics are metabolized...
by plasma enzymes
102
identifying an amide local anesthetic
will have an I before the caine
103
duration of action of propofol
3-5 minutes
104
amide local anesthetics metabolized in..
liver
105
symptoms of lidocaine toxicity
```
mouth numbness
tinnitus
lightheaded
visual disturbance
unconsciousness
respiratory arrest
```
106
use of lidocaine
local anesthesia, cough, cardiac arrhythmia
107
agonist
mimics
108
antagonist
blocks
109
cation with midazolam
hepatic disease
| elderly
110
midazolam class
benzodiazepine
111
opioids basic side effects
depression of ventilation
depression of gastric motility
addiction and tolerance
112
onset and duration of morphine
15-30 minutes
3-6 hours
takes a while to get going and lasts a long time
113
caution with morphine
PONV, pruritis (release of histamine), depression of ventilation
114
class of morphine
opioid
115
fentanyl class
synthetic opioid
116
peak effect and duration of fentanyl
3-5 minutes
| 30-60 minutes
117
caution with fentanyl
synergism with midazolam
patients with breathing issues
morbidly obese
118
meperidine other name
demerol
119
meperidine class
synthetic opioid
120
meperidine use
analgesia and post-op shivering
121
caution with meperidine
neurotoxic, renal disease
122
hydromorphone other name
dilaudid
123
class of hydromorphone
semi-synthetic
124
use of hydomorphone
analgesia
125
duration of hydomorphone
greater than 5 hours.. long lasting
126
caution with naloxone
pain, tachycardia, increases SNS
127
naloxone class
opioid antagonist
128
naloxone use
overdose, respiratory depression
129
why do opioids decrease breathing
numb bodies response to hypercarbia
130
toradol or ketorolac class
non steroidal pain releiver
131
toradol caution
bad kidneys or bleeding
132
surgical site infection most likely caused by
staph aureus which is on the skin
133
what is cephalosporin a derivative of
penicillin
134
what type of bacteria is staph aureus
gram positive
135
what does cefazolin target?
gram positive bacteria
136
other name of cefazolin
ancef
137
class of cefazolin
in the cephalosporin group
138
what class is cefoxitin
another cephalosporin
139
what is cefoxitin used for
more gram negative coverage specific to GI bacteria
140
when to redone antibiotics
every 2-6 hours
141
caution for cefoxitin and cefazolin
penicillin allergy
142
what do you treat subacute bacterial endocarditis with?
ampicillin. and perhaps gentamicin. also would give to those with congenital heart disease or mechanical heart valves before seeing the dentist
143
common use of gentamicin
urology cases
144
levaquin use
broader gram negative coverage.. abdominal cases
| ENT involving mouth
145
nafcillin use
neuro cases
146
redose clindamycin every..
6 hours
147
first use if have penicillin allergy
clindamycin and then vancomycin
148
what to use in general for hospital acquired infections
vancomycin
149
caution for gentamycin
give slowly to avoid ototoxicity
150
caution for vancomycin
give slowly over one hour or will get redman syndrome (hypotension, flushing)
151
when to start vancomycin before surgery
must be started within two hours of incision
152
controlled substances
propofol, ketamine, opioids, benzodiazepines
153
dexamethasone used for
antiemetic
154
what is diphenhydramine
benadryl
155
what is flumazenil
reversal of benzodiazepine sedation. competitive antagonist of benzodiazepines.
156
what is vasopressin
Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels
157
atropine and glycopyrrolate anticholinergic affects
tachycardia, blurred vision, dry mouth , constipation
