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Pharm Chapter 12 > Drugs For Degenerative Diseases > Flashcards

Drugs For Degenerative Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Symptoms: tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability

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2
Q

amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Also for infection with influenza A virus; for relief of drug-induced EPS; may cause release of dopamine from nerve terminals

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3
Q

Apomorphine

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Activates dopamine receptors; may improve ability to walk, talk, and move

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4
Q

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Also for suppression of lactation, female infertility, and overproduction of growth hormone; activates the dopamine receptor directly

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5
Q

Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Prevents metabolism of levodopa, enhancing dopamine action

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6
Q

Entacapone (Comtan)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Blocks synaptic enzyme (catecholamine O-methyl transferase (COMT) responsible for metabolizing dopamine

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7
Q

Levodopa (Larodopa)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Chemical precursor to dopamine; dosage can be reduced by 70-80% if administered with carbidopa

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8
Q

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Activates dopamine receptors

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9
Q

Ropinirole (Requip)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Activates dopamine receptors

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10
Q

Selegiline (L-Deprenyl, Eldepryl)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Blocks monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B, the enzyme that degrades dopamine within brain nerve terminals

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11
Q

Tolcapone (Tasmar)

A

Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism

Blocks synaptic enzyme (COMT) responsible for metabolizing dopamine

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12
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinsonism

Also used to relieve EPS from neuroleptic drugs; does not lighten tardive dyskinesia

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13
Q

Biperiden (Akineton)

A

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinsonism

Blocks acetylcholine receptors; thus, actions associated with muscarinic blockade are observed (e.g., blurred vision, dry mouth); avail in IM/IV forms

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14
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinsonism

Also for allergic reactions, motion sickness, sedation, and coughing; blocks cholinergic function even though it is an antihistamine; avail in IM/IV forms

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15
Q

Procyclidine (Kemadrin)

A

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinsonism

Blocks acetylcholine receptors in the brain

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16
Q

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)

A

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinsonism

Also used to relieve EPS; offlabeled use for Huntington’s chorea and spasmodic torticollis

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17
Q

Donepezil (Aricept, Aricept ODT)

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for Alzheimer’s disease

For mild to moderate dementia; may cause nausea, diarrhea, muscle cramps, and weight loss

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18
Q

Galantamine (Reminyl)

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for Alzheimer’s disease

For mild to moderate dementia; may cause weight loss, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension when changing positions

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19
Q

Rivastigmine tartrate (Exelon)

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for Alzheimer’s disease

For mild to moderate dementia; may cause flulike symptoms, dizziness, and weight loss

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20
Q

Tacrine (Cognex)

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for Alzheimer’s disease

For mild to moderate dementia; offlabeled used for severe dementia in pts with HIV infection; may cause nausea, vomiting, and liver toxicity

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21
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Autoimmune disorder of the CNS. A condition in which antibodies target and slowly destroy tissues in the brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

Interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif)

A

Drugs used for MS
For immune attacks against the CNS

Immune system modulating drug
Administered: IM and SC

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23
Q

Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)

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A

Drugs used for MS
For immune attacks against the CNS

Immune system modulating drug
Administered: SC

24
Q

Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Copolymer-1)

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A

Drugs used for MS
For immune attacks against the CNS

Immune system modulating drug, myelin protein protectant
Administered: IV

25
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Drugs used for MS For immune attacks against the CNS Immunosuppressant Administered IV
26
Modafinil (Provigil)
For the relief of MS symptoms Alpha-adrenergic stimulant Symptoms: fatigue, memory loss, weakness
27
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
For the relief of MS symptoms Dopaminergic drug Symptoms: fatigue, memory loss, weakness
28
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
For the relief of MS symptoms Antiseizure drug Symptoms: anxiety, insomnia, neuropathic pain
29
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
For the relief of MS symptoms Glucocorticoid Symptoms: myelin swelling and inflammation
30
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs May be administered orally or by an implantable pump, which infuses medication directly into the subarachnoid space
31
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs CNS depressant; does not inhibit motor activity like other conventional muscle relaxers; muscle relaxation seems to be related to sedation
32
Chlorzoxazone (Paraflex, Parafon Forte, Remular-S
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Depresses nerve transmission in the brain and spinal cord, possibly by sedation; not effective for cerebral palsy
33
Clonazepam (klonopin)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Benzodiazepine usually taken in combination with other drugs; used for the relief of skeletal muscle spasms; primarily for seizure disorders
34
Cyclobenzaprine (cycoflex, Flexeril)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Short term relief of muscle spasms associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions; not for cerebral palsy or CNS diseases
35
Diazepam (Valium)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Benzodiazepine used for relief of skeletal muscle spasms associated with cerebral palsy, partial paralysis
36
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Benzodiazepine used for extreme muscle tension
37
Metaxalone (Skelaxin)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs For acute musculoskeletal conditions; causes its effect through sedation
38
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs Adjunct to physical therapy fir acute musculoskeletal disorders and tetanus
39
Orphenadrine citrate (Banflex, Flexon, Myolin, Norflex)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs IM/IV forms avail
40
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
Centrally acting antispasmodic drugs To relax muscle tone associated with spasticity
41
Spasticity
Muscle groups remain in a continuous state of contraction, usually as a result of damage to the CNS
42
Dystonia
Chronic neurologic disorder, characterized by involuntary muscle contraction that forces body parts into abnormal, occasionally painful movements or postures. Affects the muscle tone of the arms, legs, trunk, neck, eyelids, face, or vocal cords
43
Botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Dysport)
Directing acting antispasmodic drugs Mainly for cosmetic procedures, used to treat excessive sweating and wrinkles, relaxes facial muscles around the eye and forehead
44
Botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc)
Directing acting antispasmodic drugs May be used in cases of cervical dystonia
45
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)
Directing acting antispasmodic drugs Hydantoin-like rx; also for treatment of malignant hyperthermia; IV form avail
46
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Bind to nicotinic receptors located on the surface of skeletal muscle fibers.
47
Atracurium (Tracrium)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: long Administration route: IV
48
Cisatracurium (Nimbex)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: long Administration route: IV
49
Doxacurium (Nuromax)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: longest duration Administration route: IV
50
Metocurine (Metubine)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: longest duration Administration route: IV
51
Mivacurium (Mivacron)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: shorter duration Administration route: IV
52
Pancuronium
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: long duration Administration route: IV
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Pipecuronium (Arduan)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: longest duration Administration route: IV
54
Rocuronium (Zemuron)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: long duration Administration route: IV
55
Tubocurarine
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: longest duration; oldest of the nondepolarizing agents Administration route: IV and IM
56
Vecuronium (Norcuron)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Nondepolarizing blockers Duration: long duration Administration route: IV
57
Succinylcholine (Anectine)
Neuromuscular blocking agents Depolarizing blockers Duration: shortest duration Administration route: IV and IM

Pharm Chapter 12 (1 decks)

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