Drugs For Hypertension

Question 1

ACE INHIBITORS examples

Answer 1

Ramipril
Lisinopril

Question 2

ACEi Mechanism of action

Answer 2

Angiotensin becomes angiotensin I, activated by renin
Angiotensin I becomes angiotensin II, causing vasoconstriction, ^ BP AND BV
this conversion is blocked by ACEi

Question 3

ACEi Clinical indication

Answer 3

Hypertension
Chronic Heart failure

Question 4

ACEi adverse effects

Answer 4

Dry cough
Hypotension
Hyperkalaemia
NOT FOR PREGNANCY

Question 5

If ACEi causes adverse effects it can be switched to ____

Answer 5

Angiotensin receptor blocker

Question 6

Alpha blockers examples

Answer 6

Doxazosin

Question 7

Alpha blockers mechanism of action

Answer 7

Blocks alpha-1 adrenoceptors
Dilates CVS

Question 8

Alpha blockers adverse effects

Answer 8

Dizziness on standing
Urinary symptoms
Tachycardia
Oedema

Question 9

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
Examples

Answer 9

Candesartan
Losartan

Question 10

A2 receptor blocker mechanism of action

Answer 10

Blocks renin which converts ang1 to ang2

Question 11

A2 receptor blocker
Clinical indication

Answer 11

Hypertension
Heart failure
Diabetic neuropathy

Question 12

A2 receptor blocker
Adverse effects

Answer 12

Hyperkalaemia
Renal dysfunction
Not for pregnancy

Question 13

Beta blockers
Examples

Answer 13

Atenolol
Bisoprolol

Question 14

Beta blockers
Mechanism of action

Answer 14

Inhibits catecholamines used to activate beta 1 adrenoceptors
Reduces cardiac rate and output

Question 15

Beta blockers
Clinical indication

Answer 15

Hypertension
Heart failure
Coronary artery disease
NOT FOR HB ASTHMA COPD

Question 16

Beta blockers
adverse effects

Answer 16

Cold peripheries
Impotence
Bradycardia
Heart block

Question 17

CCB Examples

Answer 17

Amlodipine
Verapamil

Question 18

CCB mechanism of action

Answer 18

Block voltage gated calcium channels
Used to form bridges between actin and myosin

Question 19

CCB clinical indication

Answer 19

Hypertension
>55 or of black/Caribbean ethnicity

Question 20

CCB adverse effects

Answer 20

Ankle oedema
Headaches
Tachycardia
NOT FOR HB OR HF

Question 21

Thiazide diuretics examples

Answer 21

Bendroflumethiazide

Question 22

Thiazide diuretics
Mechanism of action

Answer 22

Inhibits Na/Cl transporters
Causes vasodilation

Question 23

Thiazide diuretics
Site of action

Answer 23

Proximal end of distal convoluted tubules

Question 24

Thiazide diuretics
Clinical indication

Answer 24

Hypertension
Older patients
Heart failure

Question 25

Thiazide diuretics
Adverse effects

Answer 25

Hyperglycemia
High urate
gout risk
Impotence
Low sodium
High potassium

Question 26

Potassium sparing diuretics
Examples

Answer 26

Also known as: mineralcorticoid blockers
Spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 27

Potassium sparing diuretics
Mechanism of action

Answer 27

Block MC receptors, limits the volume of potassium lost

Question 28

Potassium sparing diuretics
Site of action

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

Potassium sparing diuretics
Clinical indication

Answer 29

Hypertension
Heart failure
Diabetic neuropathy
❌ high K+ or MC deficiency

Question 30

Potassium sparing diuretics
Adverse effects

Answer 30

Hyperkalaemia

Question 31

Hypertension step 1 of pharmacological management

Answer 31

Under 55 ACEi
Over 55 OR black/Caribbean ethnicity
CCB

Question 32

What can ACEi be switched to if the patient is unable to tolerate it

Answer 32

Angiotensin receptor blocker

Question 33

Hypertension step 2 of pharmacological management

Answer 33

If step one has failed
Combine ACEi and CCB

Question 34

Hypertension step 3 of pharmacological management

Answer 34

Add thiazide diuretic