DRUGS FOR SEIZURE Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Inhibits the enzyme that
degrades GABA– GABA transaminase
A
Tiagabine
2
Q
Low plasma protein binding (except for
A
phenytoin, BDZs, valproate, and tiagabine
3
Q
PARTIAL SEIZURES adjunct
A
Tiagabine, topiramate,
levetiracetam, zonisamide
4
Q
GENERALIZED SEIZURES
Tonic-clonic (grand mal): adjunct
A
Topiramate, zonisamide
5
Q
Anticonvulsant that works in the
brain tissue to stop seizure.
A
Ethosuximide
6
Q
Absence (petit mal) DOC
A
Ethosuximide, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid
7
Q
Petit mal adjunct
A
Lamotrigine, benzodiazepine
8
Q
Myoclonic syndrome DOC and adjunct
A
o Valproic acid
o Clonazepam and other benzodiazepines
o Adjunct: levetiracetam
9
Q
Status epilepticus DOC
A
intravenous diazepam or
lorazepam followed by intravenous
fosphenytoin (or phenytoin) or
phenobarbital.
10
Q
Unconsciousness , convulsions, muscle rigidity
A
Grand mal or Generalized tonic-clonic
11
Q
Brief loss of consciousness
A
Absence seizure
12
Q
Sporadic, jerking movements
A
Myoclonic
13
Q
Repetitive, jerking movements
A
Clonic
14
Q
Muscle stiffness, rigidity
A
Tonic
15
Q
Loss of muscle tone
A
Atonic
16
Q
Causes kidney stone formation
A
Topiramate
17
Q
An anticonvulsant that works on brain tissue to stop seizure
A
Ethosuximide
18
Q
A novel anti-convulsant agent use as an adjunct medication to manage partial onset seizures and generalize myoclonic syndromes
A
Levetiracetam
19
Q
It is the oldest non sedative antipileptic drug that has a mode of action of closing the sodium channels
A
Phenytoin (Dilatin, Epilantin)
20
Q
Side effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia
A
Phenytoin
21
Q
Side effect: fetal hydantoin syndrome
A
Phenytoin
22
Q
Dermatological effect: SJS, Lupus Erythematosus
A
Phenytoin
23
Q
This has no effect on infantiles spasm or absence seizure
A
Phenytoin
24
Q
In voluntary rhythmic eye movement which can be side to side up and down or circular commonly describe as eye shaking
A
Nystagmus
25
Double vision or seeing two images of a single object
Diplopia
26
Over growth of gum tissue around the teeth
Gingival hyperplasia
27
An enzyme inducer along with carbamazepine, valproate, warfarin
Phenytoin
28
ADR: decrease serum concentrations of folic acid thyroxine vitamin K with long-term use
Phenytoin
29
Metabolite that contributes most at the anti-seizure activity of mephenytoin
Nirvanol
30
Used for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
31
First choice for complex partial and generalized tonic clonic seizure
Carbamazepine
32
Side effects such as hyponatremia, leukopenia, SJS, CYP 450 inducer
Carbamazepine
33
Exhibits Auto induction
Carbamazepine
34
The condition where white blood cell count is low reducing the body's ability to fight infections
Leukopenia
35
FDA approved in 2000 for partial seizures
Oxcarbazepine
36
For complex partial seizure and primary and secondary generalized tonic clonic seizures
Oxcarbazepine
37
It is a pro drug whose actions are similar to those of carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
38
Oxcarbazepine is due to what metabolite
10-hydroxymetabolite
39
It closes the sodium channels but also inhibits type calcium channels and increases gaba production and decreases gaba metabolism
Valproic acid
40
For simple or complex partial seizure and primary generalized tonic clonic seizure. Also used for absence myoclonic and atonic seizure
Valproic acid
41
Highly effective for photosensitive epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Valproic acid
42
Country indicated for liver disease and has an adverse effect of weight gain and transient hair loss
Valproic acid
43
Inhibits voltage gated calcium channel and may inhibit synaptic release of glutamate
Lamotrigine
44
Adverse effect of increase alertness and indication for simplex and complex partial seizure generalize seizures of Lennoz Gastaut Syndrome
Lamotrigine
45
Contraindicated to myoclonic seizure worse
Lamotrigine
46
Enhances postsynaptic GABA ceptor curtains, kainate receptor antagonist or blockage of a certain type of glutamate channel
Topiramate
47
Incidents of renal stone formation or renal calculi
Topiramate
48
Adjunct therapy for partial and primary generalized seizures in adults and children over two and also decreases tonic and a tonic seizures in children with Lenox gastaut syndrome
Topiramate
49
Sulfomamide derivative that has a broad spectrum of action
Zonisamide
50
Approve for adjunct treatment of partial seizures in adult
Zonisamide
51
Phenytoin and carbamazepine decrease its half-life by half
Zonisamide
52
Amino acid related compound that also binds to collapsin response mediator protein Dubai blocking the effect of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NT3 on axonal and dendritic growth
Lacosamide
53
Brain derived neurotropic factor
Lacosamide
54
Triazole derivative that prolongs the inactive state of the sodium channel
Rufinamide
55
Adjunct for Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Rufinamide
56
Second choice for partial and generalized tonic clonic seizure
Phenobarbital
57
For the management of status epilepticus
Phenobarbital
58
Was metabolized to form phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide
Primidone
59
Adjuvant or monetary for partial and generalized Tonic clonic seizures that may control refractory generalized tonic clonic seizure
Primidone
60
Contraindicated to those of history of porphyria
Primidone
61
A blood disorder that affects the skin it is called the vampire disease because it causes symptoms after exposure to sunlight
Porphyria
62
Interaction with CNS depression increase metabolism of vitamin d and vitamin K.
Phenobarbital and primidone
63
In combination with other drugs for the management of partial seizure
Clorazepate
64
Tolerance develops after about 6 months
Clonazepam
65
Are used in treatment of status epilepticus
Diazepam and lorazepam
66
Intermittent use for control of seizure clusters
Diazepam
67
Contraindicated for narrow angle glaucoma
Diazepam
68
Inhibition of the GABA transporter and reduces the uptake of gaba by neurons and glial cells
Tiagabine
69
Approve in 1998 as an adjunct therapy for partial seizures in patients at least 12 years old
Tiagabine
70
Contraindicated for absence seizure alone
Tiagabine
71
Interactions blood levels decreased by carbamazepine phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone
Tiagabine
72
Abnormal physical weakness or lack of energy
Asthenia
73
Adjunct therapy for refractory generalized tonic clonic seizure in patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
Stiripentol
74
Barbiturate like effect and potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP 1A2, CYP2C19
Stiripentol
75
Irreversible inhibitor of GABA animotransferase
Vigabatrin
76
It also inhibits the reuptake process that vesicular gaba transporter
Vigabatrin
77
Uses for partial seizure and infantiles spasm it is serve drug
Vigabatrin
78
Causes irreversible lesion in the retina
Vigabatrin
79
Inhibits low threshold t-type calcium currents especially in thalamic neurons that act a spacemaker to generate treatment cortical discharge
Calcium channel blockers
80
Reduces low threshold calcium current s in the thalamic neurons there by decreasing the activity of calcium in that area
Ethosuximide
81
Half life is 60R in adults and 30 hour in children
Ethosuximide
82
The first line treatment for absence seizure
Ethosuximide
83
It may exacerbate partial and tonic clonic seizure
Ethosuximide
84
Toxicity of Parkinson like symptoms and photophobia
Ethosuxemide
85
Use in absence seizure it raises the threshold for seizure the stardust after repetitive thalamic stimulation
Oxazolidinediones, dimethadione
86
Originally designed to be centrally acting gaba agonist
Gabapentin
87
I jump that I've been adults and children with partial and secondary generalized seashore also effective as monotherapy
Gabapentin
88
Weight gain of 5% with Uncle edema irritability and associated with movement disorder
Gabapentin
89
Can exacerbate Myo clinic and absence seizures
Gabapentin
90
Approved in 2005 and a junk therapy for partial and secondary generalized seizure
Pregabalin
91
Prescribe for neuropathic pain fibromyalgia
Pregabalin
92
Has a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant action that is competing with glycine coagonist binding site on the NMDA receptor
Felbamate
93
Block calcium channels, voltage dependent sodium channels, potentiation of GABA actions
Felbamate
94
It is a last resort and reserve for use in refractory epilepsies because of the risk of a plastic anemia and hepatic failure
Felbamate
95
Binds selectively to the synaptic vesicular protein and modifies release of glutamate and GABA
Levitiracetam
96
Approved in 1999 as an adjunct therapy for adults with partial seizures and some patients have success with monotherapy
Leviteracetam
97
Contraindicated for renal dysfunction
Levetiracetam
98
A potassium channel facilitator that may cause dizziness somnolence and blurred vision as well as bladder dysfunction
Retigabine
99
For eclampsia
Magnesium sulfate
100
Magnesium sulfate antidote
Calcium chloride or gluconate
