Drugs for Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What drug is a monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF-alpha; given by IV with methotrexate; associated with upper respiratory infections; used for the treatment of RA; chimeric

A

Infliximab

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2
Q

Drug that is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase; used for the treatment of RA

A

Methotrexate

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3
Q

What are the side effects of Methotrexate?

A

1) Immunosuppresion
2) Nausea
3) Mucosal ulcers
4) Cirrhosis
5) Pneumonitis

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4
Q

What side effect of methotrexate does not go away when drug is removed?

A

Pneumonitis

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5
Q

Drug that is a recombinant protein consisting of two soluble portions of TNF-alpha receptor molecule with a Fc portion of IgG; binds to TNF-alpha; injected

A

Etanercept

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6
Q

What is a problem that may occur with infliximab?

A

1) Inflixmab is a chimer monoclonal antibody that may cause a hypersensitivity reaction within the body

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7
Q

Human monoclonal antibody for anti-TNF; injected

A

Adalimumab

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8
Q

What is given as an alternative to methotrexate? What are its side effects?

A

1) Leflunomide

2) Elevated liver enzymes

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9
Q

Drug that acts by inhibiting the activation of T cells by binding to the CD 80/86; used if anti-TNF does not work

A

Abatacept

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10
Q

When is abatacept contraindicated?

A

1) COPD

2) Given with anti-TNF

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11
Q

MOA of Leflunomide

A

1) Inhibitor of tyrosine kinase

2) Inhibitor of pyrmidine synthesis

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12
Q

Monoclonal antibody for CD20 on B cells

A

Rituximab

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13
Q

Drug that is poorly absorbed and is broken down by intestinal bacteria into a salicylate and an antibiotic; risk for hypersensitivity

A

Sulfasalazine

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine?

A

1) Corneal deposits
2) Extraocular muscle weakness
3) Loss of accommodation
4) Retinopathy

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15
Q

Drugs that work by inhibiting the maturation and function of mononuclear phagocytes and T cells

A

Gold Salts

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16
Q

What gold salts are water soluble and can be given IM injection; generally are given as weekly injections until 1 gm has been administered

A

1) Gold Sodium thiomalate

2) Aurothioglucose

17
Q

What gold salt is hydrophobic and is given orally for 6-9 months; less efficacy

18
Q

What is the most common side effect of gold salts?

A

Lesions of the skin and mucosal membranes

19
Q

Drug that is an analog to cysteine that slows the bone destruction of RA

A

D-penicillamine

20
Q

What are the side effects of D-penicillamine?

A

1) Dermatological problems
2) Nephritis
3) Aplastic anemia

21
Q

Recombinant form of IL-1ra that is used to inhibit the effects of IL-1 (inhibition of collagen synthesis and increased joint degradation)

22
Q

Antibody selective for the IL-6 receptor

A

Tocilizumab

23
Q

What are the side effects of Tocilizumab?

A

1) Upper respiratory infections
2) Headache
3) Elevated BP
4) Increased LDL
5) Increases risk for cancer

24
Q

Drug that causes the local depletion of substance P

25
Alkylating agent that causes inhibition of DNA syntesis
Cyclophosphamide
26
Purine antimetabolite that interferes with purine synthesis and causes DNA damage through formation of false nucleotide substrates
Azathioprine
27
What are the side effects of azathioprine?
1) Bone marrow suppression | 2) Hepatotoxicity
28
Isolated cyclic peptide from fungus that inhibits T cells
Cyclosporine
29
What drugs increase the excretion of uric acid from the body?
1) Probenecid | 2) Sulfinpyrazone
30
What drugs are selective inhibitors in the terminal step of uric acid (aka xanthine oxidase inhibitors)
1) Allopurinol | 2) Febuxostat
31
What drug decreases the mobility of granulocytes by binding to tubulin?
1) Colchicine
32
What NSAID is the drug of choice for acute gout attacks?
Indomethacin
33
Why is allopurinol started at low doses first? What is usually given with allopurinol?
1) Because it precipitates acute attacks | 2) Colchicine
34
What type of dose of a uricosuric drug should be given to increase excretion of uric acid? High or low?
1) High | 2) Low doses decrease the excretion of uric acid
35
MOA of Allopurinol
Inhibits xanthine oxidase resulting in decreased production of uric acid
36
What drug acts similarly to Allopurinol?
1) Febuxostat
37
MOA of probenecid
Inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal convoluted tubule
38
MOA of colchicine
Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation