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Dermatology > Drugs for the skin > Flashcards

Flashcards in Drugs for the skin Deck (37)
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1
Q

4 potency groups of topical glucocorticoids

A

low, medium, high and super high

Prolonged use can cause atrophy of the dermis and epidermis

2
Q

topical glucocorticoids

A

can be absorbed in amounts sufficient to cause sytemic toxicity. Growth retardation and adrenal suppression

3
Q

Use of topical steroids

A

Children 1 week Adults 2 weeks

Fluorintaed agents are stronger than non-fluorinated used to relieve itching and inflammation

4
Q

If drying is needed

A

Use gels or lotions

5
Q

If area is already dry

A

use ointments or creams

6
Q

Occlusive dressings increase penetration

A

avoid permeable areas such as the face, groin, or axillae

7
Q

apply topicals sparingly

A

Can lead to skin thinning and can casue straie and telangiectasia

8
Q

First line treatment of Acne

A

wash face 2-3 times daily with mild soap.
Avoid oil-based facial products
change pillow cases regularly

9
Q

Acne First line Tx

A

Topical treatment-benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin suppress growth of propionibacterium acnes

10
Q

Topical retinoids-tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene- help clear mild acne by normalizing hyperproliferating of epithelial cells in hair follicles

A

These are not absorbed systemically

11
Q

Acne first line-start low, go slow

A

Benzoyl peroxide needs to be used for 6 weeks to see if it is effective.

12
Q

Moderate to severe acne

A

Initiate oral antx- Tetracyclines- Doxycycline (Vibramycine) and minocycline (minocin, Dynacin, Solodyn) are most common.

13
Q

Erythromycin

A

used is tetracycline is ineffective or if pregnancy is a possibility. Tetracycline may cause discoloration of the teeth.

14
Q

Retin A is used for moderate

A

Is not systemic

15
Q

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

A

severe acne. adverse effects. nosebleeds, inflammation of the lips and eyes, pain, tenderness or stiffness in joints, bones, muscles
highly teratogenic. Providers of such must participate in risk-management program designed to ensure it is not used in pregnancy
Should be used under dermatologist referral

16
Q

Second line acne tx can include combined oral contraceptives

A

YAZ, Estrostep, and Ortho-tri-cyclen have FDA approval, all COC formulations with imporve inflammatory and noninflammatory acne

17
Q

second line oral contraceptives

A

estrogen and progesterone diminish testosterone and increase SHBG in the liver reducing sebum production. Takes 4-6 months to work

18
Q

Acne Rosacea

A

Initially treat with metronidazole. It that fails, other topical or oral antbx can be included. No alcohol with oral Flagyl

19
Q

Clindamycin safe “B” for pregnancy

A

Not safe during lactation.

20
Q

Topical erythromycin

A

first line in pregnancy and lactation

21
Q

Resesarch on Benzoyl and salcylic acid is limited

A

Systemic absorption is low so could be used in lactation.

22
Q

Retin A (tretinoins)

A

risk for teratogenesis. Topical may have limited fetal exposure, but cannot exclude. Do not use in lactating mother

23
Q

Tetracycline

A

discolors teeth in pregnancy and cause bone deformation and growth restriction
Not always contraindicated in lactating mother. Infant can be exposed if used longer than 3 weeks

24
Q

Pruritus

A

local histamine reaction.

25
Q

Tx of pruritus

A

topical or oral histamines, or steroid depending on severity

26
Q

Uticaria (hives)

A

Treat with oral histamine or steroid depending on severity. like Zyrtec

27
Q

Angioedema

A

emergency -send to ED

28
Q

Bacterial infections

A

Topic or sytemic agents to treat. Many develop sensitivity to neomycin, use something different.

29
Q

Impetigo

A

honey crusted lesions. Tx with Bacitracin or Bactroban if lesions are few. Severe may need oral and topical medication

30
Q

Psoriasis

A

Treat with topical drugs, systemic drugs or phototherapy. Suppress proliferation of keratinocytes Autoimmune process. papules and plaques surrounded with silvery white scales.

31
Q

If less than 10% involvement of skin tx

A

Emollients, glucocorticoids, Tar perparations at bedtime, vitamin A derivitives, elidel,

32
Q

Eczema

A

topical immunosuppressants that work against inflammatory process. Used long-term. atopic dermatitis

33
Q

sunscreen

A

water resistant not waterproof. Lasts 40-80- minutes Use a sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection Use if outside more than 20 minutes
use 20 minutes before and every two hours
SPF of time no protection

34
Q

Protection from UVA

A

Mexoryl, Prsol 1789, titanium dioxided, zinc oxide, avobenzone block. SPF is for UVB exposure

35
Q

Skin cancer

A

Basal cell and squamous are the two most common and curable.

36
Q

Melanoma

A

most dangerous skin cancer
caused by UV lights, thanning beds, sun lamps
60,000 cases in 2008 and 8700 died.

37
Q

ABCs of skin cancer

A

A Asymmetry=asymmetrical
B borders=uneven
C=brown or black patches, tan, white, red, blue
D=Diameter. larger than 6mm pencil eraser
E=Evolutionchanging appearance