Drugs names Flashcards

Question

-triptan

Answer 1

Serotonin agaonists . sumatriptan (oral, nasal, subcutaneous) Used for: . migraines Side effects: . neurological symptoms . serotonin syndrome (overdose) interactions: . SSRIs (inc.) . St JW (inc.)

Answer 2

TCAs: Tricyclic ADs . Amitriptyline . Nortriptyline (other TCAs: -amine) Action: Noradrenaline and Serotonin Used for: . Severe depression (insomnia, agitation) . Neurogenic pain (low doses) . Migraine (prevention) Interactions: . Lithium (toxic) . St JW (inc.) ``` Side effects: . drowsiness . sedation . dry mouth . nausea . dizziness . reduced libido . urine retention/oedema . postural hypotension . mydriasis (small pupils) . tacchyarrythmias ``` ``` Caution/CI: . seizures . other antidepressants (inc. effect: serotonin syndrome etc) . NSAIDs use and bleeding (esp. elderly) . NTW - toxicity, fatality ```

Answer 3

Herbal antidepressant Used for: . mild depression Not recommended by NICE due to lack of data on: . dosage . preparations . potential serious interactions (inc. metabolism of drugs in lever -> dec. effect of drugs) Interactions: . other antidepressants, esp. SSRIs and Triptans . oral contraceptives (dec -> unwanted pregnancy) . anticoagulants (dec -> clotting/VTE/PE) . anticonvulsants (dec -> seizures) . statins (dec) side effects: . usually well tolerated . V/N, allergic reactions, Fatigue, Dizziness, dry mouth, photophobia

Answer 4

Anti-viral . ritonavir (HIV) . Acyclovir (HSV, VZV)

Answer 5

``` Benzodiazepines (muscle relaxants) . Diazepam . Lorazepam . Nitrazepam . Temazepam . Midazolam ``` Used for: . anxiety . sedation (insomnia) Interactions - with many drugs . Opioids - dangerous deep sedation, toxic . Alcohol and other sedatives: toxic . Other drugs that depress the CNS and AntiDepressants . Herbal/Natural: Kava, Grapefruit (juice), SJW . Liver enzyme inhibiting drugs: some AB, Antiviral (HIV), antifungal Side effects: . drowsiness, poor concentration (driving!)

Answer 6

``` Antiepileptic (other:) Lamotrigine Carbamazepine Ethosuximide Phenytoin ``` ``` Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity) . alcohol . warfarin (decr) . corticosteroids (decr) . oral contraceptives (decr.) ```

Answer 7

``` Antiepileptic (other:) Sodium Valproate Carbamazepine Ethosuximide Phenytoin ``` ``` Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity) . alcohol . warfarin (decr) . corticosteroids (decr) . oral contraceptives (decr.) ```

Answer 8

``` Antiepileptic (other:) Sodium Valproate Lamotrigine Ethosuximide Phenytoin ``` ``` Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity) . alcohol . warfarin (decr) . corticosteroids (decr) . oral contraceptives (decr.) ```

Answer 9

``` Antiepileptic (other:) Sodium Valproate Lamotrigine Ethosuximide Carbamazepine ``` ``` Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity) . alcohol . warfarin (decr) . corticosteroids (decr) . oral contraceptives (decr.) ```

Answer 10

antiemetics DOP2 receptor antigonist migraine other: Domperidone

Answer 11

antiemetics | migraine

Answer 12

migraine (serotonin agonist) Interactions: SSRIs, SJW (serotonin syndrome)

Answer 13

``` beta-blockers (beta1 specific) (other: propranolol) . angina . MI . arrythmias . HF . HT Also: . migraine (prophylaxis) . tremor anxiety ``` CI - Asthma side effects: cold extremities hypotension...

Answer 14

``` beta-blockers (beta1 specific) (other: atenolol - beta1 specific) . angina . MI . arrythmias . HF . HT Also: . migraine (prophylaxis) . tremor anxiety ``` CI - Asthma side effects: cold extremities hypotension..

Answer 15

``` Na/K pump inhibitor Strengthens myocardium contraction Increase refractory period Slows AV conduction . atrial fibrillations . HF ``` Caution: NTW - toxicity, renal failure ``` Side effects: arrythmias dizziness yellow vision (xanthopsia) blurred vision GI disturbances ```

Answer 16

Non-K sparing diuretic side effects: hypoK . arrythmias . muscle weakness . erection dysfunction

Answer 17

Non-K sparing diuretic . HF . oedema ``` side effects: hypoK . arrythmias . muscle weakness . erection dysfunction . urinary disturbances ```

Answer 18

Thiazide diuretic . HF . oedema ``` side effects: . Gout . hypoK . erection dysfunction . urinary disturbances ```

Answer 19

Loop diuretic (stronger) side effects: . hypoK . erection dysfunction . urinary disturbances

Answer 20

alkalis (weak) GORD, dyspepsia (early) - gastritis symptom relief only side effects: belching (burping)

Answer 21

``` Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker) Also: . Cimetidine . Famotidine . Nizatidine ``` Used for: . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

Answer 22

``` Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker) Also: . Ranitidine . Famotidine . Nizatidine ``` Used for: . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

Answer 23

``` Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker) Also: . Ranitidine . Cimetidine . Nizatidine ``` Used for: . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

Answer 24

``` Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker) Also: . Ranitidine . Famotidine . Cimetidine ``` Used for: . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

Answer 25

PPIs . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease ``` Also: . Lansoprazole . Pantoprazole . Rabeprazole . Esomeprazole ``` generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

Answer 26

PPIs . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease Also: . Omeprazole . Esomeprazole generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

Answer 27

PPIs . GORD . Dyspepsia . Ulcer disease ``` Also: . Omeprazole . Lansoprazole . Pantoprazole . Rabeprazole ``` generally well tolerated side effects: . diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

Answer 28

Hitamine 1 Receptor antagonists (H1RA) Antiemetic used for motion sickness (nausea) side effects: drowsiness

Answer 29

Dopamine 2 Receptor antagonists (D2RA) Antiemetic used for nausea/vomiting side effects: dystonia

Answer 30

Dopamine 2 Receptor antagonists (D2RA) Antiemetic used for nausea/vomiting + morning sickness in pregnancy

Answer 31

Serotonin 5HT3 RA | Antiemetic

Answer 32

Rehydration

Answer 33

anti-motility agent (opiate) used for diarrhoea side effects: nausea, drowsiness

Answer 34

Osmotic laxative (laxative - softener) side effects: abd cramps rotten teeth weight gain

Answer 35

Stool softener (laxative - softener) Decrease surface tension Inc penetration of fluid into faeces

Answer 36

Stool softener (laxative - softener) Decrease surface tension Inc penetration of fluid into faeces

Answer 37

Stimulant laxative (increase motility) side effects: abd cramps

Answer 38

Stimulant laxative (increase motility) side effects: abd cramps

Answer 39

``` An aminosalicylate (AID) . Used for Iinflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn's, UC) . For acute attacks and to maintain remission in UC (and some types of Crohn's) . Reduce needs for steroid in remission ```

Answer 40

Immunosupressants . Used for Iinflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn's, UC) . Main adverse effects: Bone Marrow Suppresion (causing risks of infection, anaemia, thrombocytopenia/bleeding etc)

Answer 41

for type II - needs functioning pancreatic beta cells to produce Insulin (These are not insulin drugs!)

Answer 42

. Not oral (gets broken down in GIT) . Self-admin subcutaneous Injections (most), IV (very serious cases) . Aim: mimic normal insulin secretion peaks at meal times, and slow release in between => needs to combine both actions . Short acting (Human Atracipid, Humulin S) . Intermediate acting (Human Insulatard, Humulin I) . Long acting (no names) Adverse effects . Hypoglycaemia . Weight gain (problematic for type II) . Lipodystrophy at injection sites

Answer 43

Insulin (short acting) for Diabetes Injection, IV Adverse effects . Hypoglycaemia . Weight gain (problematic for type II) . Lipodystrophy at injection sites

Answer 44

Insulin (intermediate acting) for Diabetes Injection, IV Adverse effects . Hypoglycaemia . Weight gain (problematic for type II) . Lipodystrophy at injection sites

Answer 45

``` Biguanide family (oral antidiabetic drug) . needs insulin presence (i.e. functioning beta cells) . drug of choice b/c of weight loss and fewer hypo- events (e.g. hypoglycaemia - extremely rare with this drug) ``` most side effects: . GIT disturbance (e.g. nausea) . Lactic acidosis (esp. if renal impairment) Contra-indications: . Renal impairment, even minor

Answer 46

Sulphonylureas family Oral antidiabetic drug . needs unctioning beta cells (early diabetes) ``` Side effects: . hypoglycaemia . weight gain due to stimulation of appetite . GI disturbances . Skin rashes . rarely: bone marrow damage ``` Interactions: . Inc. hypoglycaemic effect with alcohol, other drugs esp. other antidiabetics and antibiotics, antifungals . Also with Okra

Answer 47

Glitazones family Oral antidiabetic slow onset action side effects: . weight gain . bone fracture . inc. risk of HF and bladder cancer (esp. elderly)

Answer 48

Gliptins family Oral antidiabetic ``` side effects: . GIT upset - common . Less hypoglycaemia than sulphanylureas . rashes . risk of certain infections . liver disease . back pain . arthralgia ```

Answer 49

Oral antidiabetic delays digestion and absorption of starch, sucrose used alone or in combination with other AD drugs (e.g. metformin) side effects: . GIT disturbances

Answer 50

. Effects: anti-inflammatory, analgaesic, antipyretic . not addictive, euphoric, hypnotic . side effects: GIT mostly (gastritis, peptic ulcer) . COX inhibitors (1 and 2) . Single dose: equal effect to paracetamol <= preferred . Regular full dose: lasting analgaesic+anti-inflammatory effects => part. useful for persistent pain ass. w/ inflammation . OA: paracetamol 1st line . Inflammatory arthritides (RA etc): NSAIDs

Answer 51

Non-selective COX inhibitors (i.e. both 1 and 2) 'Constitutive' - almost all cells; housekeeping role . responsible for side effects (GIT, bruising/bleeding mainly) => GIT: mitigated with PPIs . tend to increase risk of bleeding . caution when taken with anticoagulants NB: Diclofenac inc. thrombotic risk due to similar profile to COX-2 inhibitors NB: naproxen: less thrombotic risks; Ibuprofen: current evidence suggests no increased thrombotic risk NB: Aspirin - also used in low dose to reduce CVD risk (b/c reduces clotting) - should not be prescribed with other NSAIDs - DO NOT USE IN CHILDREN (risk of Reye's syndrome - hepatic encephalopathy post-viral infection)

Answer 52

Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs family) 'Inducive' - Only inflammatory cells Anti-inflammatory effect . little side effects, effective pain relief . Inc. risk of Thrombosis and MI (5x) - C.I. if CVD

Answer 53

Pain relief & antipyretic (NB: little anti-inflammatory effect) - recent study shows it is a selective Cox-2 Inhibitor Side effects: very few, very rare (malaise, rashes - Steven Johnson Syndrome, blood disorders, hypotension, flushing, tachycardia) Acute poisoning: nausea, vomiting, liver failure (antidote available)

Answer 54

Used for: Addison's disease (adrenals replacement therapy) Anti-inflammatory, Immunosuppressive therapy (asthma, topical skin/ear/eyes/nose, hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, AI disorders (RA, IBD etc)) Neoplastic disease (leukaemias, lymphomas) Side effects: . Cushing's syndrome incl. osteoporosis, diabetes/hyperglycaemia, oedema, bruising and petechiae Withdrawal: should be done progressively . risk of Addisonian crisis - acute adrenal insufficiency (severe illness -> very low blood pressure and coma) this is b/c negative feedback from synthetic steroids cause adrenal atrophy - so if stopped suddenly, not enough steroids to keep blood pressure up.

Answer 55

Oral, Paraenteral Glucosteroid . used more commonly for long term disease suppression

Answer 56

Oral, Paraenteral or Topical

Answer 57

Glucocorticoids Betamethasone - topical (betnovate) Dexamethasone - oral Both have low salt retention properties

Answer 58

Inhalers, for Asthma

Answer 59

NSAID for Gout | Inhibits crystallisation within joints

Answer 60

NSAID for Gout | Promotes uric acid excretion by the kidney

Answer 61

anti-rheumatoid drug (immune suppressant, or DMARD) can be used for all types of inflammatory arthritides

Answer 62

anti-rheumatoid drug anti-malarial drug allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

Answer 63

anti-rheumatoid drug | allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

Answer 64

anti-rheumatoid drug | allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

Answer 65

anti-rheumatoid drug | allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

Answer 66

Natural Opioids Pain relief Oral, Injection, Intrathecal ``` Side effects: . respiratory depression . pupil constriction . Euphoria . Physical dependence . Sedation ```

Answer 67

semi-synthetic Opioids Pain relief Oral, Injection, Intrathecal ``` Side effects: . respiratory depression . pupil constriction . Euphoria . Physical dependence . Sedation ```

Answer 68

Synthetic Opioids Pain relief Oral, Injection, Intrathecal NB: childbirth: pethidine, due to fast action ``` Side effects: . respiratory depression . pupil constriction . Euphoria . Physical dependence . Sedation ```

Answer 69

Biphosphonates family - Osteoporosis (Action: Bind to bone and inhibit osteoclast activity) (Remain bound to bones for months/years) Indications: treat and prevent osteoporosis .99.9%: oral . IV if too severe . Poor bioavailability . Absorption reduced by calcium salts -> need to be taken on empty stomach first thing in morning with water, then sit/stand for 30 min to avoid GORD/Ulceration. side effects: . hypocalcaemia . abnormalities of oesophagus, delayed emptying . atypical femoral fractures Guidance (wales): . 1st line: alendronate . 2nd line: risedronate if atedronate not tolerated . Specialist referral if none above is tolerated/C.I. . Review fracture risk after 5 years Serious adverse effects (symptoms to look out for): . Atypical femoral fracture (main S&S: pain) . Osteonecrosis of jaw (oral problems) . Osteonecrosis of EOM (ear pain, discharge or infection)

Answer 70

Prevention / Treatment of osteoporosis Combine with Vit D For when diet/sunlight are not sufficient NB: inc. of dietary Calcium has no impact on dec fracture risk

Answer 71

Vitamin D compound, for bone health Facilitates GI absorption of Ca and phosphate Promotes calcium mobilisation from bone Increases Calcium reabsorption in renal tubules Main adverse effect: hypercalcaemia (risk of cardiac arrythmias?) - requires monitoring.

Answer 72

Statins . Drugs of choice to decrease cholesterol levels . Prevent CVD and reduce associated mortality . 'High intensity Statins' - Reduce circulating LDL by 40% without increasing adverse effects (except Simvastatin) Prescription: dosage according to risk and history of CVD: higher doses if history of MI - aim: 40% reduction in LDL Interactions: . Grapefruit (dec. statin effect) . other drugs Classic side effects and caution: . Myalgia, muscle cramps, Rhabdomyolosis (muscle wasting - increased CK in urine/blood - can be lethal) . worsened if taken along other classes of lipid lowering drugs => CK levels must be measured before prescribing statins, if history of generalised or unexplained myalgia => If muscular symptoms: measure CK . NB: Rhabdomyolysis and Myositis ass. w. statins are rare, cause statin-associated myalgia, and most likely to occur within first 3 months of treatment. Other common side effects: . H/a . GIT disturbance . Non-cardiac chest pain

Answer 73

``` Fibrates . when statins not tolerated . to reduce cholesterol . less effective than statins in reducing LDL levels (memo: FABSTAT) ```

Drugs names Flashcards

(97 cards)