Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
(34 cards)
NT: NE, DA, 5HT
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Blocks DA, NE, and 5HT reuptake in CNS; local anesthetic action from Na+ channel blockade
Cocaine
Blockade of reuptake of NE and DA, release amines from mobile pool, weak MAO inhibitors
Amphetamines
Effects:
- Increase NE: sympathomimetic effect with increased heart rate and contractility, blood pressure changes, mydriasis, and central excitation, hyperactivity
- Increase DA: psychotic episodes, paranoia, hallucinations, possible dyskinesias, and endocrine disturbances
- Increase 5HT: behavioral changes, aggressiveness, dyskinesias, and decreased appetite
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Toxicity:
- Excess NE: cardiac arrhythmias, generalized ischemia with possible MI and strokes; acute renal and hepatic failures
- Excess DA: major psychosis, cocaine delirium
- Excess 5HT: possible serotonin syndrome
- All of the above: convulsion, hyperpyrexia, and death
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Craving, severe depression, anhedonia, anxiety; manage with antidepressants
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Withdrawal
CNS Depressants
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Benzodiazepines
Neurotransmitters involved: GABA
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Benzodiazepines
MOA:
Potentiation of GABA interaction with GABAA receptors involves BZ1 and BZ2 binding sites
Benzodiazepines
MOA:
Prolongation of GABA, GABA mimetic at high doses, on GABAA receptors
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Effects:
Light to moderate CNS depression
Benzodiazepines
Effects:
Any plane of CNS depression
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Toxicity:
Sedation, anterograde amnesia;
dical Genetics
in severe OD (or IV use),
Benzodiazepines
Reversal of Benzo OD with
flumazenil
Toxicity
Severe CNS depression, respiratory depression, and death
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Withdrawal:
Rebound insomnia, rebound anxiety
Benzodiazepines
Withdrawal:
Agitation, anxiety, hyperreflexia, and life-threatening seizures + in ethanol withdrawal delusions/ hallucinations— delirium tremens (DTs)
Barbiturates and Ethanol
Neurotransmitters gy involved
NE, DA, 5HT, GABA, and many others
Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls
MOA:
Activate opioid μ, κ, and δ receptors. Potent μ receptor activators have the most intense abuse and dependence liability, possibly effected via an increase in dopaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic tracts
Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls
Effects
Euphoria, analgesia, sedation, cough suppression, and constipation; strong miosis (except meperidine)
Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls
Toxicity
Severe respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting
Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls
(reverse with naloxone)
Opioid OD
Withdrawal
Lacrimation, yawning, sweating, and restlessness, rapidly followed with centrally originating pain, muscle cramping, and diarrhea; not life-threatening
Opioids
Mechanism of action
Interaction of THC with CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in CNS and periphery
Marijuanna
