Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards Preview

Pharm Final > Drugs Of Abuse > Flashcards

Flashcards in Drugs Of Abuse Deck (36)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How can you tell if someone is physically dependent on a drug? how does this differ from tolerance?

A

If sudden cessation of the drug leads to withdrawal syndrome

Tolerance is just a diminution in effect of a drug over time

2
Q

which pathway in the brain is the prime target of addictive drugs?

A

mesolimbic dopamine pathway

3
Q

What term was used in DSM IV to describe what we know as addiction?

A

dependence

4
Q

What addictive drug has a withdrawal associated with tremor, nausea, sweating, anxiety and sometimes hallucinations

A

ethanol

5
Q

which addictive drug is associated with generalized seizures and delirium tremens? is this withdrawal fatal?

A

ethanol

fatal in 5-15% in pts with delirium tremens

6
Q

What 2 drugs can be used to treat alcohol withdrawal?

A

long half-life benzos: diazepam and chlordiazepoxide

7
Q

What 2 drugs are preferred in treatment of alcohol withdrawl in the elderly or those with liver failure?

A

intermediate-acting benzos: Lorazepam and oxazepam

8
Q

Name the 3 FDA approved drugs for the treatment of alcoholism and how each works

A

Disulfram: aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor - creates aversion (instant hangover)
Naltrexone: opioid antagnoist - reduces cravings
Acamprosate: NMDA receptor antagonist - prevents relapse

9
Q

Withdrawal from this addictive drug includes tremors, perceptual disturbances, dyspohoria, psychosis and seizures? what is the drug? is it life threatening?

A

Benzodiazepines or barbituates

yes

10
Q

What drug is used to treat benzo withdrawal? How?

A

Diazepam - switched to this (long-acting) then the dose is gradually reduced

11
Q

what is the mechanism of action for the addictive drugs methlxanthines? name them

A

block presynaptic adenosine receptors (activation of adenosine receptors inhibits NE release, so blocking adenosine increases NE release)

caffeine (also theophylline and theobromine)

12
Q

What schedule is cocaine?

A

schedule II

13
Q

How does cocaine cause euphoria?

A

blocks reuptake of dopamine, NE and serotonin

14
Q

what addictive drug has a mild withdrawal that includes dysphoria, sleepiness, and bradycardia? how do you treat?

A

cocaine - dont need to treat

15
Q

What schedule are amphetamines? how do they work?

A

Schedule II - inc release of catecholamines

16
Q

What class of drug can be used to treat ADD?

A

amphetamines

17
Q

Withdrawal from what drug includes increased appetite, sleepiness, exhaustion, and mental depression? What drugs can be given to help?

A

Amphetamine withdrawal - can give antidepressants

18
Q

what is the most widely used CNS stimulant? the second?

A

caffeine

2nd: nicotine

19
Q

What is the most abused drug? the second?

A

Alcohol

2nd: nicotine

20
Q

Nicotine causes its reward effects by causing the release of what where?

A

dopamine in the ventral tegmental area

21
Q

Name two drugs used for treatment of nicotine addiction

A

Bupropion

Varenicline

22
Q

which two opioids are most abused among health professionals?

A

meperidine and fentanyl

23
Q

withdrawal from what addictive drug includes: dysphoria, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and yawning? is it life-threatening?

A

opiods - no

24
Q

how do you treat opioid addiction?

A

illicit agent replaced by long-acting opiod and dose is slowly reduced - use methadone or buprenorphine

25
Q

withdrawal from what type of drugs is caused by a noradrenergic storm? name two drugs used to treat and their MOA

A

Opioids - heroin

Clonidine and lofexidine - alpha2 agonists

26
Q

What drug can be used in opioid detox in patients highly motivated to remain opioid free? why only in motivated patients?

A

Naltrexone - wont satisfy cravings or relieve withdrawal

27
Q

What drug binds to receptors CB1 and CB2? what type of receptors are these? where is each located?

A

cannabinoid receptors
G protein linked coupled to Gi
CB1: brain - major one for psych effects
CB2: immune cells

28
Q

what is dronabinol? name 2 conditions it helps treat

A
therapeutic THC (cannabinoid)
anorexia in AIDS pts and nausea/vomiting in chemo patients (2nd line)
29
Q

what three drugs are in the LSD-like group?

A

LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin

30
Q

describe the symptoms of LSD addiction and withdrawal

A

trick! no addiction or withdrawal!

31
Q

what drug can be given for a “bad trip” on LSD?

A

diazepam - helps agitation

32
Q

ketamine is an analog of what street drug?

A

phencyclidine aka PCP aka angel dust

33
Q

what addictive drug causes feelings of empathy and intimacy? how does it work?

A

MDMA - ecstasy

causes release of biogenic amines - mostly serotonin

34
Q

withdrawal of what drug is characterized by depression lasting several weeks?

A

MDMA - ecstasy

35
Q

which addictive drug produces euphoria, analgesia, then loss of consciousness?

A

nitrous oxide

36
Q

what two inhalants an be used to enhance erection and are NOT addictive?

A

amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite