Drugs & Psychopharm

Question 1

Blood brain barrier

Answer 1

Astrocytes and endothelial cells around the capillaries in the brain make up the BBB and cause these capillaries to be different than capillaries in the rest of the body

Question 2

Psycho active drugs

Answer 2

Drugs that influence subjective experience and behavior by acting on the nervous system

Question 3

Drug administration

Answer 3

Root of administration influences the rate at which and the degree to which the drug reaches its site of action

Question 4

Ingestion

Answer 4

Oral route, easy and safe, Absorption be a digestive tract is unpredictable

Question 5

Injection

Answer 5

Bypasses digestive tract

Question 6

Injection – bypasses the digestive tract: subcutaneously

Answer 6

Under the skin

Question 7

Injection – bypasses digestive tract: intramuscularly

Answer 7

Into large muscles

Question 8

Injection – bypasses the digestive tract: intravenously

Answer 8

Into things; drug delivered directly to brain

Question 9

Inhalation: tobacco and marijuana

Answer 9

Absorbed through capillaries in lungs

Question 10

Absorption through mucous membranes

Answer 10

Nose, mouth, and rectum

Question 11

Injecting a drug directly into the brain allows it to act quickly in – – – doses because there are no barriers

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Taking drugs Orally is the – –, – –, And most – – way to administer them

Answer 12

Safest, easiest and most convenient way

Question 13

Drugs that are – – acids pass from the – into the bloodstream

Answer 13

Weak, stomach

Question 14

Drugs that are week – – pass from the – to the bloodstream

Answer 14

Bases, intestines

Question 15

Drugs injected into – – encounter more barriers than do drugs inhaled

Answer 15

Muscle

Question 16

Drugs inhaled into the lungs encounter – barriers en route to the brain

Answer 16

Few

Question 17

Drugs injectedinto the bloodstream encounter the – – barriers to the brain must be – –

Answer 17

Fewest, hydrophilic

Question 18

Drugs contained in adhesive patches are absorbed through the – – and into the bloodstream

Answer 18

Skin

Question 19

In order for a psychoactive drug to have an effect it must get to the – –; it must pass through the – –

Answer 19

Brain, blood brain barrier

Question 20

Actions of most to drugs are terminated by enzymes in the - –: drug metabolism

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

For a drug to have the biggest effect on the brain when ingested by mouth, it must have certain chemical properties. It’s molecules should be:

Answer 21

Small in size 
Weekly acidic
Water-soluble
Potent in small amounts 
Not easily degraded

Question 22

Drug tolerance shift in the dose response curve too – –

Answer 22

Curved to right

Question 23

Cross tolerance:

Answer 23

Exposure to one drug can produce tolerance to similar drugs

Question 24

InVerse tolerance:

Answer 24

Repeated use of some drugs can suddenly cause increased sensitivity to it, as the brain anticipates and enhances it’s effects.

Question 25

Drug sensitization:

Answer 25

Increased effect of drug following repeated doses – the opposite of drug tolerance

Question 26

Metabolic

Answer 26

Less drug is getting to the site of action

Question 27

Functional:

Answer 27

Decreased responsiveness at the site of action you were receptors, decreased efficiency of binding at receptors, receptors less responsive

Question 28

With drawl symptoms are the -- of the drugs effects

Answer 28

Opposite

Question 29

Contingent drug tolerance:

Answer 29

Tolerance only develops to drug effects that are experienced

Question 30

Conditioned drug tolerance:

Answer 30

Maximum tolerance effects are seen in the environment in which a drug is usually taken

Question 31

Conditioned withdrawal effects:

Answer 31

Withdrawl elicited by drug related cues

Question 32

Alex are more likely to overdose know your surroundings: true or false?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Five commonly abused drugs:

Answer 33

Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates

Question 34

Tobacco is major psychoactive ingredient is:

Answer 34

Nicotine

Question 35

About – – percent of those who experiment with smoking become addicted

Answer 35

70%

Question 36

Me about 20% of attempts to quit are successful: true or false

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Smokers are susceptible to lung disorders:

Answer 37

Pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer

Question 38

Alcohol heritability estimate for alcohol addiction is about 50%: true or false

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Alcohol – and – tolerance develops

Answer 39

Metabolic, functional

Question 40

Severe withdrawal of alcohol in three phases: 5–6 hours after quitting drinking:

Answer 40

Tremors, nausea, sweating, vomiting, etc.

Question 41

15 to 30 hours after quitting drinking:

Answer 41

Convolusive activity

Question 42

24 to 48 hours after quitting drinking:

Answer 42

Delirium tremens; this me last 3 to 4 days

Question 43

Korsakoff syndrome:

Answer 43

Chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine vitamin B – 1 (alcohol)

Question 44

Confabulation:

Answer 44

Production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world without the conscious intention to deceive

Question 45

Cirrhosis:

Answer 45

Chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells information and fibrous thickening of tissue (alcohol)

Question 46

Marijuana – THC pill:

Answer 46

Marinol

Question 47

Cocaine binges or sprees me lead to cocaine psychosis – looks like:

Answer 47

Paranoid schizophrenia

Question 48

Treatment for heroin addiction is methadone it binds to:

Answer 48

Opiate receptors – produces less pleasure, administered orally, prevents withdrawal

Question 49

– – And – – are associated with the greatest negative impact on public health

Answer 49

Alcohol and tobacco

Question 50

Physical dependence hypothesis:

Answer 50

Suggest that habitual users experience psychological or physiological withdrawal symptoms and take the drug to eat alleviate them

Question 51

Hedonic hypothesis:

Answer 51

Suggest that drug use continues because it produces pleasure

Question 52

Incentive – sensitization theory:

Answer 52

Addiction is acquired through condition learning

Question 53

Condition learning stage one, two, three:

Answer 53

Stage one – activation of pleasure due to taking drugs, stage two – through classical conditioning, stage III – contextual cues become highly desirable themselves and are sought after like incentives

Question 54

Brain circuitry

Answer 54

Exists that reinforces behaviors, drug use may be reinforced by this circuity ***rat pressing a lever

Question 55

The two pathways that are the reward system in dopamine are:

Answer 55

Nigrostriatal pathway and Mesocorticolimbic pathway

Question 56

Mesocorticolimbic pathway:

Answer 56

Major reward pathway natural rewards, and addictive drugs

Question 57

Condition place preference:

Answer 57

Lab animals choose to spend more time in cage compartments where drugs were administered than anywhere else

Question 58

The nucleus accumbens appear to play a primary role in:

Answer 58

Dopamine, self stimulation studies

Question 59

Initial drug taking:

Answer 59

Not everyone given access to a drug will consume it, and those who do will never take the drug more than once

Question 60

Habitual drug taking:

Answer 60

Drug taking may become a matter of wanting rather than liking- incentive versus hedonic value

Question 61

Drug craving and Addiction relapse:

Answer 61

Craving for many drugs increases over a period of abstinence