Drugs that Affect the Respiratory System

Question 1

Characterized by airway inflammation

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

T or F: Asthma is not usually accompanied by bronchial hyperreactivity

Answer 2

False [it is usually accompanied]

Question 3

Two developments of asthma

Answer 3

Early and Late Response

Question 4

Characterized by bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion

Answer 4

Early Response

Question 5

Characterized by inflammation

Answer 5

Late Response

Question 6

Non-allergic (intrinsic) asthma is caused by?

Answer 6

Stress
Anxiety
Viral Infection
Smoke
Weather

Question 7

Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is triggered by ____ in response to foreign Proteins

Answer 7

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Question 8

Foreign proteins is also called?

Answer 8

Allergens

Question 9

It is a chronic progressive disease with a fixed and poorly reversible airflow obstruction

Answer 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 10

T or F: COPD can be reversed with the use of bronchodilators

Answer 10

False [cannot be reversed even with bronchodilators]

Question 11

Characterized by permanent structural damage to the airways and parenchyma

Answer 11

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 12

Two forms of COPD

Answer 12

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Question 13

It is the destruction of the alveolar walls and capillaries by increased lung enzymatic activity

Answer 13

Emphysema

Question 14

An inflammation of the bronchial tree

Answer 14

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 15

List the therapies for asthma: Controllers

Answer 15

Long-acting B2 agonist
Corticosteroids
Anti-IgE antibodies

Question 16

List the therapies for asthma: Prophylaxis

Answer 16

Leukotiene antagonists

Question 17

List the therapies for asthma: Relievers

Answer 17

Short-acting B2 agonist
Muscarinic antagonist
Theophylline

Question 18

List the therapies for COPD

Answer 18

Long-acting B2 agonist + Long acting muscarinic antagonist
Antimicrobical therapy

Question 19

Therapy for asthma that has an effect of bronchodilators which can quickly reverse the bronchospasm

Answer 19

Relievers

Question 19

Therapy for asthma that focuses on prevention; Usually taken for seasonal asthma

Answer 19

Prophylaxis

Question 20

Therapy for asthma that is an anti-inflammatory agent which can produce long term bronchodilations

Answer 20

Controllers

Question 21

T or F: COPD is poorly reversible with brochodilators

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T or F: COPD is responsive to corticosteroids

Answer 22

False [not responsive]

Question 23

MOA: Stimulates adenylate cyclase = increase cAMP = bronchodilation

Answer 23

Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonist

Question 24

Three types of B-adrenoreceptor agonists

Answer 24

Short-acting (SABA) Long-acting (LABA) Ultra long-acting

Question 25

T or F: B2 agonists are given exclusively by inhalation

Answer 25

True

Question 26

It is the most widely used sympathomimetics

Answer 26

B2-selective agonist

Question 27

T or F: Beta adrenoreceptor agonist has anti-iflammatory action?

Answer 27

False [it does not have anti-inflammatory action]

Question 28

List the drugs under Short-acting B2 agonist

Answer 28

Salbutamol Metaproterenol Terbutaline

Question 29

List the drugs under Long-acting B2 agonist

Answer 29

Salmeterol Formoterol

Question 30

List the drugs under Ultra Long-acting B2 agonist

Answer 30

Indicaterol Olodaterol Vilanterol Bambuterol

Question 31

Used for acute episodes of bronchospasm

Answer 31

Short-acting (SABA)

Question 32

B2 agonist used for prophylaxis

Answer 32

Long-acting (LABA)

Question 33

Has a side effect of skeletal muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

Answer 33

Ultra long-acting

Question 34

Has the tendency to have tolerance with prolonged use

Answer 34

Ultra long-acting

Question 35

T or F: Duration: 24 hours = Long-acting (SABA)

Answer 35

False [Ulta long-acting]

Question 36

Onset and Duration of Short-acting B2 agonist

Answer 36

15 minutes 4 hours or less

Question 37

MOA: Inhibit phospholipase A2 = decreased arachidonic acid = decreased prostaglandins and leukotienes

Answer 37

Corticosteroid

Question 38

List the drugs under Cortocosteroids

Answer 38

Beclomethasone Budesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Mometasone

Question 39

For moderate asthma that are not fully responsive to B2-agonist

Answer 39

Cortociseteroid

Question 40

T or F: Oral candidiasis is one of the side effects of corticosteroids

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Other S/E of corticosteroid aside from oral candidiasis

Answer 41

Mild growth retardation in children

Question 42

For exercise, antigens and aspirin induced bronchospasm

Answer 42

Leukotriene Antagonist

Question 43

T or F: Leukotriene is not recommended for acute asthma episodes

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Two types of Leukotriene Antagonist

Answer 44

Leukotriene Receptor Blockers and Lipoxygenase Inhibitor

Question 45

List the drugs under Lipoxygenase Inhibitors

Answer 45

Zileuton

Question 46

List the drugs under Leukotriene Receptor Blocker

Answer 46

Montelukast Zafirlukast

Question 47

MOA: Antagonist at the LTD4 leukotriene receptor = inhibit leukotriene action

Answer 47

Leukotriene Receptor Blockers

Question 48

MOA: Selectively inhibit 5-lipoxygenase = decreased leukotriene synthesis

Answer 48

Lypoxygenase Inhibitor

Question 49

MOA: Blocks muscarinic M3 receptors in the airways reverse bronchoconstriction

Answer 49

Muscarinic Antagonists

Question 50

List the drugs under muscarinic antagonists

Answer 50

Ipratropium Tiotropium Aclidinium Umeclidinium

Question 51

T or F: Corticosteroid is safer and more effective over B2 agonists in COPD

Answer 51

False [Muscarinic antagonists]

Question 52

Muscarinic drugs that has longer-acting analogs; usually for COPD

Answer 52

Tiotropium Aclidinium Umeclidinium

Question 53

T or F: Muscarinic antagonists has a S/E of minor atropine-like effects in case of overdoses

Answer 53

True

Question 54

MOA: Poorly understood drug; thought to inhibit mast cell degranulation = decrease release of histamine and leukotrienes

Answer 54

Mast Cell Stanilizers

Question 55

List drugs that are mast cell stabilizers

Answer 55

Cromolyn Nedocromil

Question 56

T or F: Mast cell stabilizers is not an obsolete treatment for asthma

Answer 56

False [It is ALMOST obsolete]

Question 57

T or F: Mast cell stabilizers is used in reducing symptoms of allergic rhino conjunctivitis

Answer 57

True

Question 58

T or F: Theophylline is not the only clinical drug used for asthma

Answer 58

False [It is the ONLY clinical drug]

Question 59

MOA: It inhibits phosphodiesterase = increases cAMP bronchodilation

Answer 59

Methylxanthines

Question 60

What is the IV or theophylline salt?

Answer 60

Aminophylline

Question 61

A Methylxanthine drugs that is a PDE4 inhibitor approved for COPD

Answer 61

Roflumilast

Question 62

T or F: S/E of methyxanthines are gastrointestinal distress, tremors, and insomnia

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Other name for Theophylline

Answer 63

1,3-dimethylxanthine

Question 64

MOA: Binds to IgE on sensitized mast cells = prevents mast cell activation and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators

Answer 64

Anti-IgE Antibodies

Question 65

List the drugs under anti-IgE antibodies

Answer 65

Omalizumab

Question 66

T or F: Omalizumab must be administered intravenously

Answer 66

False [Parenterally]

Question 67

It is a humanized monoclonal antibody to human IgE

Answer 67

Omalizumab

Question 68

MOA: stimulates alpha receptors in the vascular smooth muscle = vasoconstriction and shrinkage if nasal tissues

Answer 68

Decongestants

Question 69

Two types of decongestants

Answer 69

Oral decongestants Topical decongestants

Question 70

Decongestant that must be used with caution in patients with cardiac conditions, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism

Answer 70

Oral decongestants

Question 71

List the drugs under topical decongestants

Answer 71

Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine

Question 72

List the drugs under oral decongestants

Answer 72

Phenylephrine Pseudoephedrine

Question 73

Its S/E is rebound congestion

Answer 73

Topical decongestant

Question 74

T or F: It is advisable to take Oxymetazoline or Phenylephrine for more than 3 - 5 days

Answer 74

False [Not advisable due to the possibility of rebound congestion]

Question 75

List the drugs under cough suppressants (antitussives)

Answer 75

Dextromethorphan

Question 76

MOA: act centrally in the cough center in the medulla = cough suppression

Answer 76

Dextromethorphan

Question 77

T or F: Dextromethorphan is a L-isomer analog levorphanol

Answer 77

False [D-isomer]

Question 78

T or F: S/E of cough suppressants includes drowsiness, dizziness, and GI upset

Answer 78

True

Question 79

MOA: Disrupt the disulfide bonds in mucus = reduced mucus viscosity

Answer 79

Mucolytics

Question 80

List the drugs under Mucolytics

Answer 80

Carbocisteine Ambroxol Acetylcysteine Bromhexine

Question 81

MOA: H1 receptor antagonist = block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor site on respiratory tract cells = decreased congestion

Answer 81

Antihistamines

Question 82

MOA: Increases volume and reduces surface of mucus (adhesiveness)

Answer 82

Expectorants

Question 83

List the drugs under Expectorants

Answer 83

Guaifenesin

Question 84

List the drugs under Antihistamines

Answer 84

Chlorpheniramine Brompheniramine Diphenhydramine

Question 85

Drug for colds and coughs that is not usually used or has questionable clinical usefulness

Answer 85

Expectorants [Guaifenesin]

Question 86

Useful in symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis

Answer 86

Antihistamine

Question 87

Give the S/E of antihistamines

Answer 87

Sedation Antimuscarinic Effects [blurred vision, dry mouth]