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Drugs (this unit)-random order Flashcards

1
Q

Antipsychotic drugs used to treat mania

A

Phenothiazine

Haloperitol

Benzos

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1
Q

Other tx of bipolar

A

Most are antiseizure:

  • Valproic acid
  • Carbamazepine
  • Limotripene

Acetazolamide

Aripripazole-anti-psychotic

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2
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Inh. Na

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2
Q

Paroxetine

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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3
Q

Third Generation antidepressants

A

Venlafaxine

Desvenlafaxine

Duloxetine

Milnacipram

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Headache
  • Decreased libido
  • Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

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4
Q

Fomepizole

A

Specific inhibitor of alcDH

Prolongs effects of alcohol

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4
Q

Imipramine

A

First generation antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake

Act on multiple receptors

SE:

Most likely to cause SE
Sedation
Weight gain
Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
Cardiovascular effects

Arrythmias
Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
Orthostatic hypotension

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5
Q

Gabapentin

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

GABApentin

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6
Q

Second generation antidepressants

A

Fluoxetine

Fluvoxamine

Sertraline

Paroxetine

Citalopram

Escitalopram

Vilazodone

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Headache
  • Decreased libido
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7
Q

Milnacipram

A

Third Generation Antidepressant

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

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8
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Tx: All seizures EXCEPT petit mal

Class: Barbituate

Mech: Act. GABA

SE:

  • Sedation
  • Induces P450
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8
Q

Escitalopram

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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9
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Tranylcypromine

Phenelzine

Isocarboxazid

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

  • Insomnia
  • Agitation
  • Hallucination
  • Seizure
  • Liver toxicity
  • Weight gain
  • Hypotension
  • Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

  • Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
    • Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
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9
Q

Isocarboxazid

A

Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis

Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)

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10
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

ViGABAtrin

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10
Q

Citalopram

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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11
Q

First Gen Antidepressants

A

Impiramine + Amitryptyline

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake

Act on multiple receptors

SE:

  • Most likely to cause SE
  • Sedation
  • Weight gain
  • Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
  • Cardiovascular effects
    • Arrythmias
    • Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
    • Orthostatic hypotension
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12
Q

Vilazodone

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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14
Q

Tiagabine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

Tiagabine

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15
Q

Sertaline

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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15
Q

Buproprion

A

Antidepressant

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16
Q

Ezogabine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Open K channel

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18
Q

Disulfiram

A

Inhibits acet.DH→buildup of acetaldehyde

Get severe hangover right away

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19
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Tx: DOC for petit mal seizures

Mech: Inhibit Ca channels in CNS

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Drowsiness
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19
Fluoxetine
2nd gen antidepressant Mech: SSRIs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido
21
Pregabalin
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Acts on Ca channels
21
Amitriptyline
First generation antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressants Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake Act on multiple receptors SE: Most likely to cause SE Sedation Weight gain Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation) Cardiovascular effects Arrythmias Drop in BP (alpha1 block) Orthostatic hypotension
23
Sodium Valproate
Tx: All seizures including Petit mal seizures Mech: * Decrease GABA breakdown * Increase GABA synth * Act on Na and Ca channels Toxicity: * GI upset * CNS sedation-tremors * Potentially fatal hepatitis * Fetal damage-drop in IQ
24
Acamprosate
Decreased craving for ethanol
25
Venlafaxine
Third Generation Antidepressant ## Footnote Mech: SNRIs Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE \*Third generations have the -faxine drugs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido Cardiovascular stimulation \*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
26
Lithium
Tx: **Mania** Used prophylactically--5-7 day onset Cheap-can't patent it Given orally Low TI=2 Mech: * Alter glutamate metabolism * Decrease NE release * May alter 5HT SE: * Short term * Tremors * Increase thirst * Increase urine prod. (block effects of ADH) * Edema * Weight gain * Nystagmus * Long term * Renal damage * Hypothyroidism Toxicity: * Nausea * Delirium * Coma * Dangerous w/ kidney disorders
28
Levetiracetam
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Unknown
29
Phenelzine
Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO) Kinetcs: Slow onset Toxicity: Insomnia Agitation Hallucination Seizure Liver toxicity Weight gain Hypotension Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children Drug interactions: Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
30
Phenytoin
Tx: Gran mal and others NOT petit mal Mech: * Inh. Na channels in brain * Slows recovery rate of neuron * Generally not a CNS depressant Pharmakokinetics: * Low TI Toxicity: * Acute * Resp. depression * Cardiovascular collapse * Nausea * Ataxia * Chronic * Gingival hyperplasia * Vestibular effects * Diplopia * Ataxia * Blurred Vision * Some sedation * Teratogenic-fetal hydantoin syndrome * Life threatening rash-Stevens Johnson syndrome
33
Topiramate
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Act. **GABA**
34
Desvenlafaxine
Third Generation Antidepressant Mech: SNRIs Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE \*Third generations have the -faxine drugs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido Cardiovascular stimulation \*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
35
Diazepam
Tx: Seizures Class: Benzos Mech: GABA IV to treat status epilepticus
36
Zonisamide
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Inh. Na
37
Nefazodone
Antidepressant
39
Vortioxetine
2nd gen antidepressant Mech: SSRIs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido
40
Fluvoxamine
2nd gen antidepressant Mech: SSRIs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido
41
Tranylcypromine
Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO) Kinetcs: Slow onset Toxicity: Insomnia Agitation Hallucination Seizure Liver toxicity Weight gain Hypotension Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children Drug interactions: Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
42
Duloxetine
Third Generation Antidepressant Mech: SNRIs Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE \*Third generations have the -faxine drugs SE: GI upset Nausea Insomnia Headache Decreased libido Cardiovascular stimulation \*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
43
Acetazolamide
Tx: Seizures Mech: May increase CO2 in brain→Decrease activity
45
Perampanel
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Blocks glutamate
46
Carbamazepine
Tx: DOC for partial seizures Mech: Inhibits on Na channels Toxicity: * Blurred vision + diplopia * Drowsiness * Fetal defects-spina bifida * Aplastic anemia (abnormality of RBC) * Induces P450
47
Rufinamide ## Footnote
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Inh. Na
48
49
Lacosamide
Tx: **Partial seizures** Mech: Inh. Na
50
Mirtazapine
Antidepressant
51
Morphine
Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs Given parenterally due to first pass effect
52
Codeine
Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs Partial agonist-low anti-nociceptive effects Given orally Greater effect on coughing-anti-tussive effect
53
Heroin
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic Originally to cure morphine addiction 5x stronger than morphine
54
Hydromorphone
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic 10x stronger than morphine "Dilaudid"
55
Oxycodone
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic Partial agonist-available in oral form as oxycontin 0.5x as strong as morphine
56
57
Fentanyl
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic 80-100x stronger than morphine
58
Sufentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic 500-600x stronger than morphine
59
Alfentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic 500-600x stronger than morphine
60
Remifentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic 500-600x stronger than morphine
61
Meperidine
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic .5x as strong as morphine No pupil constriction
62
Methadone
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic Orally effective-liquid Less euphoric Given to wean off morphine Same strength as morphine
63
Naloxone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist Opiate receptor blocker Naloxone-oxycodone combinations exist to make withdrawl easier
64
Naltrexone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist Opiate receptor blocker
65
Methylnaltrexone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist Opiate receptor blocker
66
Tramadol
Narcotic and SSRI
67
Tapentadol
Narcotic and SSRI

Pharm 2 (8 decks)

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