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Systemic Pharmacology I > Drugs to Know > Flashcards

Drugs to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

cholinergic agonist

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2
Q

Bethanechol

A

cholinergic agonist

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3
Q

Carbachol

A

cholinergic agonist

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4
Q

Cevimeline

A

cholinergic agonist

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5
Q

Nicotine

A

cholinergic agonist

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6
Q

Pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist

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7
Q

Varenicline

A

cholinergic agonist

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8
Q

Edrophonium

A

anticholinesterase;

SHORT ACTING

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9
Q

Donepezil

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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10
Q

Galantamine

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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11
Q

Neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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12
Q

Physostigmine

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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13
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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14
Q

Rivastigmine

A

anticholinesterase;

intermediate acting

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15
Q

Echothiophate

A

anticholinesterase;

long acting

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16
Q

Malathion

A

anticholinesterase;

long acting

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17
Q

Parathion

A

anticholinesterase;

long acting

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18
Q

Sarin

A

anticholinesterase;

long acting

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19
Q

Pralidoxime

A

reactivation of acetylcholinesterase

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20
Q

Atropine

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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21
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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22
Q

Dicyclomine

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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23
Q

Homatropine

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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24
Q

Ipratropium

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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25
Q

Oxybutynin

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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26
Q

Scopolamine

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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27
Q

Tiotropium

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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28
Q

Tropicamide

A

cholinoceptor-blocking

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29
Q

Epinephrine

A

non-selective alpha and beta agonist

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30
Q

Midodrine

A

Alpha-1 agonist

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31
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha-1 agonist

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32
Q

Tetrahydrozoline

A

Alpha-1 agonist

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33
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Alpha-2 agonist

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34
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alpha-2 agonist

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35
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha-2 agonist

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36
Q

Isoproterenol

A

non-selective beta agonist

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37
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta-1 agonist

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38
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta-2 agonist

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39
Q

Formoterol

A

Beta-2 agonist

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40
Q

Metaproterenol

A

Beta-2 agonist

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41
Q

Salmeterol

A

Beta-2 agonist

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42
Q

Terbutaline

A

Beta-2 agonist

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43
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

non-selective alpha antagonist

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44
Q

Phentolamine

A

non-selective alpha antagonist

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45
Q

Alfuzosin

A

Alpha-1 antagonist

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46
Q

Doxazosin

A

Alpha-1 antagonist

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47
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha-1 antagonist

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48
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha-1 antagonist

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49
Q

Terazosin

A

Alpha-1 antagonist

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50
Q

Yohimbine

A

Alpha-2 antagonist

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51
Q

Carteolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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52
Q

Carvedilol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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53
Q

Labetalol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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54
Q

Nadolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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55
Q

Pindolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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56
Q

Propranolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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57
Q

Timolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist

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58
Q

Acebutolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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59
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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60
Q

Betaxolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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61
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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62
Q

Esmolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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63
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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64
Q

Nebivolol

A

Beta-1 selective antagonist

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65
Q

Penicillin G

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Natural Penicillin

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66
Q

Penicillin V

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Natural Penicillin

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67
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin (2nd Gen)

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68
Q

Methicillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin (2nd Gen)

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69
Q

Nafcillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin (2nd Gen)

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70
Q

Oxacillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin (2nd Gen)

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71
Q

Amoxicillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Aminopenicillin (3rd Gen)

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72
Q

Ampicillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Aminopenicillin (3rd Gen)

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73
Q

Piperacillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Extended Spectrum Penicillin (4th Gen)

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74
Q

Ticarcillin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

Extended Spectrum Penicillin (4th Gen)

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75
Q

Cefadroxil

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

1st Gen Cephalosporin

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76
Q

Cefazolin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

1st Gen Cephalosporin

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77
Q

Cephalexin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

1st Gen Cephalosporin

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78
Q

Cefaclor

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

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79
Q

Cefotetan

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

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80
Q

Cefoxitin

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

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81
Q

Cefprozil

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

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82
Q

Cefuroxime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

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83
Q

Cefdinir

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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84
Q

Cefditoren

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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85
Q

Cefixime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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86
Q

Cefotaxime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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87
Q

Cefpodoxime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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88
Q

Ceftazidime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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89
Q

Ceftibuten

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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90
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

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91
Q

Cefepime

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

4th Gen Cephalosporin

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92
Q

Ceftaroline

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

5th Gen Cephalosporin

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93
Q

Ceftolozane

A

cell wall inhibitor: transpeptidase

5th Gen Cephalosporin

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94
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor (given w/ amoxicillin or ticarcillin)

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95
Q

Sulbactam

A

beta-lactamse inhibitor (given w/ ampicillin)

96
Q

Tazobactam

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor (given w/ piperacillin)

97
Q

Bacitracin

A

cell wall inhibitor: peptidoglycan

98
Q

Daptomycin

A

induces rapid depolarization of cell membrane, which disrupts membrane function (not a true “cell wall antibiotic”)

99
Q

Telavancin

A

cell wall inhibitor

100
Q

Vancomycin

A

cell wall inhibitor: peptidoglycan

101
Q

Demeclocycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Tetracycline

102
Q

Doxycycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Tetracycline

103
Q

Minocycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Tetracycline

104
Q

Tetracycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Tetracycline

105
Q

Amikacin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Aminoglycoside

106
Q

Gentamicin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Aminoglycoside

107
Q

Neomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Aminoglycoside

108
Q

Streptomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Aminoglycoside

109
Q

Tobramycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 30s subunit

Aminoglycoside

110
Q

Azithromycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 50s subunit

Macrolide

111
Q

Clarithromycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 50s subunit

Macrolide

112
Q

Erythromycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 50s subunit

Macrolide

113
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 50s subunit

Macrolide

114
Q

Clindamycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: 50s subunit

115
Q

Linezolid

A

protein synthesis inhibitor: prevents 50s subunit from binding to 30s

116
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibitor of DNA replication: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolone

117
Q

Ofloxacin

A

inhibitor of DNA replication: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolone

118
Q

Levofloxacin

A

inhibitor of DNA replication: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

3rd Generation Fluoroquinolone

119
Q

Gemifloxacin

A

inhibitor of DNA replication: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

4th Generation Fluoroquinolone

120
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

inhibitor of DNA replication: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

4th Generation Fluoroquinolone

121
Q

Sulfacetamide

A

inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

122
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

123
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

124
Q

Trimethoprim

A

inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

125
Q

Cotrimoxazole/Bactrim

A

inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

126
Q

Ethambutol

A

antimycobacterial drug

interferes with cell wall synthesis

127
Q

Isoniazid

A

antimycobacterial drug

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in cell wall

128
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

antimycobacterial drug

lowers intracellular pH and inhibits growth

129
Q

Rifampin

A

antimycobacterial drug

blocks transcription

130
Q

Rifabutin

A

antimycobacterial drug

131
Q

Rifapentine

A

antimycobacterial drug

interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase to block transcription

132
Q

Clotrimazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

133
Q

Fluconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

134
Q

Itraconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

135
Q

Ketoconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

136
Q

Miconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

137
Q

Posaconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

138
Q

Voriconazole

A

anti-fungal: Azole

disrupts fungal membrane structure and function by inhibiting enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

139
Q

Anidulafungin

A

anti-fungal: Echinocandin

interferes with synthesis of B-glucan which disrupts fungal cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

140
Q

Caspofungin

A

anti-fungal: Echinocandin

interferes with synthesis of B-glucan which disrupts fungal cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

141
Q

Micafungin

A

anti-fungal: Echinocandin

interferes with synthesis of B-glucan which disrupts fungal cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

142
Q

Amphotericin B

A

anti-fungal: Polyene Macrolide

binds to ergosterol in plasma membrane and forms a pore, allowing electrolytes and small molecules to escape, resulting in cell death

143
Q

Natamycin

A

anti-fungal: Polyene Macrolide

binds to ergosterol in plasma membrane and forms a pore, allowing electrolytes and small molecules to escape, resulting in cell death

144
Q

Nystatin

A

anti-fungal: Polyene Macrolide

binds to ergosterol in plasma membrane and forms a pore, allowing electrolytes and small molecules to escape, resulting in cell death

145
Q

Naftifine

A

anti-fungal: Allylamine

inhibits enzyme that converts squalene to lanosterol; blocks biosynthesis of ergosterol; squalene builds up and becomes toxic

146
Q

Terbinafine

A

anti-fungal: Allylamine

inhibits enzyme that converts squalene to lanosterol; blocks biosynthesis of ergosterol; squalene builds up and becomes toxic

147
Q

Tolnaftate

A

anti-fungal: Allylamine

inhibits enzyme that converts squalene to lanosterol; blocks biosynthesis of ergosterol; squalene builds up and becomes toxic

148
Q

Flucytosine

A

anti-fungal

disrupts DNA/protein synthesis; converted intracellularly into 5-FU (antimetabolite)

149
Q

Oseltamivir

A

anti-viral- Influenza A/B

selectively inhibit neuraminidase which is essential to life cycle of the virus - prevents release of new virions

150
Q

Zanamivir

A

anti-viral- Influenza A/B

selectively inhibit neuraminidase which is essential to life cycle of the virus - prevents release of new virions

151
Q

Amantadine

A

anti-viral- Influenza A

block viral membrane matrix protein M2 - virus cannot be internalized by the host cell and uncoating does not occur

152
Q

Rimantadine

A

anti-viral- Influenza A

block viral membrane matrix protein M2 - virus cannot be internalized by the host cell and uncoating does not occur

153
Q

Interferon Alpha

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

thought to induce host cell enzymes to inhibit viral RNA translation; leads to degradation of viral RNA

154
Q

Daclatasvir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

5A inhibitor- interferes with enzyme 5A, which is responsible for RNA replication and virion assembly

155
Q

Eblasvir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

5A inhibitor- interferes with enzyme 5A, which is responsible for RNA replication and virion assembly

156
Q

Ledipasvir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

5A inhibitor- interferes with enzyme 5A, which is responsible for RNA replication and virion assembly

157
Q

Ombitasvir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

5A inhibitor- interferes with enzyme 5A, which is responsible for RNA replication and virion assembly

158
Q

Grazoprevir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

protease inhibitor- prevents viral maturation

159
Q

Paritaprevir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

protease inhibitor- prevents viral maturation

160
Q

Simeprevir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

protease inhibitor- prevents viral maturation

161
Q

Adefovir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitor- inhibits reverse transcriptase, causing termination of replication

162
Q

Entecavir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitor- inhibits reverse transcriptase, causing termination of replication

163
Q

Lamivudine

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C, HIV

nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitor/ NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase, causing termination of replication

164
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C

nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitor- inhibits reverse transcriptase, causing termination of replication

165
Q

Tenofovir

A

anti-viral- Hepatitis B/C, HIV

nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitor/ NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase, causing termination of replication

166
Q

Acyclovir

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits DNA polymerase and is incorporated into viral DNA; converted to active form by viral enzyme

167
Q

Famciclovir

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits DNA polymerase and is incorporated into viral DNA; converted to active form by viral enzyme

168
Q

Valacyclovir

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits DNA polymerase and is incorporated into viral DNA; converted to active form by viral enzyme

169
Q

Trifluridine

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits DNA polymerase and is able to be incorporated into cellular DNA

170
Q

Ganciclovir

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits DNA polymerase and can be incorporated into viral DNA; converted to active form by viral enzyme

171
Q

Cidofovir

A

anti-viral- herpesvirus

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

172
Q

Abacavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA

173
Q

Didanosine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA

174
Q

Emtricitabine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA

175
Q

Stavudine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA

176
Q

Zidovudine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NRTI- inhibits reverse transcriptase and incorporates into viral DNA

177
Q

Efavirenz

A

anti-viral- HIV

NNRTI- highly selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

178
Q

Etravirine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NNRTI- highly selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

179
Q

Nevirapine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NNRTI- highly selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

180
Q

Rilpivirine

A

anti-viral- HIV

NNRTI- highly selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

181
Q

Atazanavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

182
Q

Darunavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

183
Q

Fosamprenavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

184
Q

Indinavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

185
Q

Nelfinavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

186
Q

Ritonavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

187
Q

Saquinavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

188
Q

Tipranavir

A

anti-viral- HIV

protease inhibitor- prevents maturation of viral particles (results in production of noninfectious virions)

189
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

anti-viral- HIV

fusion inhibitor- blocks protein on the virus cell, preventing fusion with the host membrane

190
Q

Maraviroc

A

anti-viral- HIV

entry inhibitor- blocks the binding of the viral membrane to the host cell; prevents virus from entering

191
Q

Dolutegravir

A

anti-viral- HIV

integrase inhibitor- inhibits the final step in integration of viral DNA into the host DNA

192
Q

Elvitegravir

A

anti-viral- HIV

integrase inhibitor- inhibits the final step in integration of viral DNA into the host DNA

193
Q

Raltegravir

A

anti-viral- HIV

integrase inhibitor- inhibits the final step in integration of viral DNA into the host DNA

194
Q

Cytarabine

A

anticancer- antimetabolite

enters cell through carrier-mediated process and inhibits DNA polymerase- also can be incorporated into cellular DNA

195
Q

5-Fluouracil

A

anticancer- antimetabolite

enters cell through carrier-mediated transport system, forms a molecular complex that deprives the cell of thymidine, stopping DNA synthesis

196
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

anticancer- antimetabolite

3 prong MOA:

  • nucleotide formation
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • incorporated into nucleic acids
197
Q

Methotrexate

A

anticancer- antimetabolite

dihydrofolate reductase antagonist; leads to decreased production of required nucleic compounds; DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis is depressed, leading to cell death

198
Q

Thioguanine

A

anticancer- antimetabolite

3 prong MOA:

  • nucleotide formation
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • incorporated into nucleic acids
199
Q

Bleomycin

A

anticancer- antitumor antibiotics

causes scission of DNA (oxidative process); causes cells to accumulate in G2 phase

200
Q

Dactinomycin

A

anticancer- antitumor antibiotics

forms stable complex with DNA; inserts into double helix between G-C base pairs and interferes with RNA polymerase

201
Q

Doxorubicin

A

anticancer- antitumor antibiotics

induce cytotoxicity by producing free radicals that damage cells DNA

202
Q

Carmustine

A

anticancer- alkylating agent

alkylation of DNA that inhibits replication; cytotoxic only in actively dividing cells

203
Q

Dacarbazine

A

anticancer- alkylating agent

attacks nucleophilic groups in DNA

204
Q

Lomustine

A

anticancer- alkylating agent

alkylation of DNA that inhibits replication; cytotoxic only in actively dividing cells

205
Q

Mechlorethamine

A

anticancer- alkylating agent

cross-links between guanine bases in DNA; cause strand breakage and occasional miscoding mutations

206
Q

Docetaxel

A

anticancer- mitotic inhibitor

binds to tubulin subunit and promote stabilization of microtubules- overly stable microtubules are nonfunctional

207
Q

Paclitaxel

A

anticancer- mitotic inhibitor

binds to tubulin subunit and promote stabilization of microtubules- overly stable microtubules are nonfunctional

208
Q

Vinblastine

A

anticancer- mitotic inhibitor

bind to microtubular protein and prevent polymerization

209
Q

Vincristine

A

anticancer- mitotic inhibitor

bind to microtubular protein and prevent polymerization

210
Q

Aminoglutethimide

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

aromatase inhibitor- decreases production of estrogen; also inhibits hydrocortisone synthesis

211
Q

Anastrozole

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

aromatase inhibitor- decreases production of estrogen; nonsteroidal

212
Q

Bicalutamide

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

nonsteroidal antiandrogens; compete with natural hormone for androgen receptor; prevent translocation of hormone into nucleus

213
Q

Estrogens

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

block production of LH; decrease synthesis of androgens in the testis

214
Q

Exemestane

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

aromatase inhibitor- decreases production of estrogen; steroidal inhibitor of aromatase

215
Q

Flutamide

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

nonsteroidal antiandrogens; compete with natural hormone for androgen receptor; prevent translocation of hormone into nucleus

216
Q

Goserelin

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

analog of gonadotrophin releasing hormone; act as agonist; binding to receptor causes desensitization; androgen and estrogen synthesis is reduced

217
Q

Letrozole

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

aromatase inhibitor- decreases production of estrogen; nonsteroidal

218
Q

Leuprolide

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

analog of gonadotrophin releasing hormone; act as agonist; binding to receptor causes desensitization; androgen and estrogen synthesis is reduced

219
Q

Nilutamide

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

nonsteroidal antiandrogens; compete with natural hormone for androgen receptor; prevent translocation of hormone into nucleus

220
Q

Prednisone

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

triggers production of specific proteins that reduce cell growth and proliferation

221
Q

Tamoxifen

A

anticancer- steroid hormones and antagonists

competitive estrogen antagonist; RNA synthesis does not occur; result is depletion of estrogen receptors, suppressing growth promoting factors

222
Q

Bevacizumab

A

anticancer- monoclonal antibody

antiangiogenesis agent; decreases oxygen supply to tumor cells

223
Q

Rituximab

A

anticancer- monoclonal antibody

binds to site on B lymphocytes and recruits immune effector functions; induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity

224
Q

Trastuzumab

A

anticancer- monoclonal antibody

attaches to breast cancer-specific receptor; cells undergo G1 arrest and reduction of proliferation

225
Q

Carboplatin

A

anticancer- platinum coordination complex

binds to guanine in DNA forming cross-links; damage DNA molecule, preventing replication

226
Q

Cisplatin

A

anticancer- platinum coordination complex

binds to guanine in DNA forming cross-links; damage DNA molecule, preventing replication

227
Q

Interferons

A

anticancer

binding of interferon produces complex intracellular reactions:

  • enzyme synthesis
  • suppression of cell proliferation
  • activation of macrophages
  • increased cytotoxicity of lymphocytes
228
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

anticancer- platinum coordination complex

binds to guanine in DNA forming cross-links; damage DNA molecule, preventing replication

229
Q

Echinacea

A

herbal supplement

  • immune modulation
  • anti-inflammatory effects
  • antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects
230
Q

Garlic

A

herbal supplement

  • cardiovascular effects (decrease cholesterol, anti-platelet, decrease in blood pressure)
  • antibiotic effects
  • reduction of carcinogen activation
231
Q

Ginkgo

A

herbal supplement

  • cardiovascular effects (increased blood flow and vasodilation)
  • metabolic effects (antioxidant, anti-apoptotic)
  • CNS effects (change receptor densities, improvements in cognition and concentration)
232
Q

Ginseng

A

herbal supplement

  • modulation of immune function
  • increased CNS levels of ACh, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine (mood-lifting effect)
  • antioxidant activity
  • anti-inflammatory activity
  • antistress activity
  • antiplatelet activity
  • improved glucose homeostasis
  • anticancer properties
233
Q

Milk Thistle

A

herbal supplement

  • liver disease (limits hepatic injury, anti-inflammatory)
  • chemotherapeutic effects (reduce tumor initiation in skin cancer, induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest)
  • lactation
234
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

herbal supplement

  • anti-depressant action (inhibition of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine re-uptake; increases expression of serotonin receptors)
  • antiviral and anticarcinogenic effects (HIV and certain carcinomas)
235
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

purified supplement

  • hypertension
  • heart failure (improves cardiac output)
  • Ischemic Heart Disease
  • prevention of Statin-induced myopathy
236
Q

Glucosamine

A

purified supplement

-thought to increase the supply of cartilage building blocks (better maintenance and strengthening of existing cartilage, joint health)

237
Q

Melatonin

A

purified supplement

  • jet lag
  • insomnia (also increases REM sleep)

Systemic Pharmacology I (7 decks)

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