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Drugs, Toxins and Poisons Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is an expectorant?

A

A class of chemical agents which aid in the clearance of mucus from the airway.

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3
Q

What is syrup of ipecac? What was its medical purpose?

A

An expectorant which also rapidly induces forceful vomiting.

The capability to induce vomiting made it a common method of treating orally ingested poisons.

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4
Q

What is the medical purpose of activated charcoal?

A

To absorb ingested toxins before they are absorbed by the body, thereby mitigating the damage they can cause.

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5
Q

What is salbutamol? What is its purpose?

A

A beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that is used in order to open up the medium and large lung airways.

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6
Q

How is salbutamol administered?

A

Administered with an inhaler or nebuliser.

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7
Q

What is the difference between opioids and opiates?

A

Opioids are compounds that bind to opioid receptors, natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic.

Opiates are natural compounds found in the opium poppy that bind to opioid receptors.

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8
Q

What is an alternative name for paracetamol?

A

Acetminophen.

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9
Q

What is paracetamol? What is its purpose?

A

A non-opioid analgesic.

To treat fevers and mild to moderate pain.

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10
Q

What does NSAID stand for?

What effects do all NSAIDs share?

A

NSAID stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

  • Reduces pain
  • Decreases inflammation
  • Decreases fever
  • Prevents blood clot formation
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11
Q

What is a common side effect of NSAID usage?

A

Gastric ulceration.

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12
Q

What drugs are derived from the opium poppy?

A

Opiates.

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13
Q

What drug is derived from digitalis (foxglove)?

A

Digoxin

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14
Q

What is digoxin? What is its purpose?

A

A medication used to treat various heart dysfunctions by increasing myocardial contractility.

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of strychnine poisoning?

A

Tetanic posture due to muscle contraction.

The obvious presentation of this is the famous “strychnine smile”

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16
Q

What makes cyanide toxic to the body?

A

Inhibits enzyme cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, thereby preventing completion of aerobic respiration.

17
Q

How does arsenic poison the body?

A

It binds to ADP in place of a phosphate group. Due to how strongly it binds, the bond can’t be naturally broken. In doing so it prevents ATP synthesis causing many bodily functions to cease.