Drugs used in Hypertension Flashcards
(12 cards)
Name 4 categories of antihypertensive drugs based on their action.
- Diuretics
- Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
- Vasodilators
- RAAS inhibitors
How do diuretics lower blood pressure?
- by depleting sodium
- by reducing blood volume
- by lowering peripheral vascular resistance
Name 3 types of diuretics (with examples)
- Thiazide diuretics (e.g. hydrochlorothiazide)
- Loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone)
Which antihypertensive drugs are preferred in heart failure?
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors / ARBs
- β - blockers
- Aldosterone antagonists
What are preferred antihypertensive drugs in diabetic (DM) patients?
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
(protective for kidneys - shown to reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy)
What drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy-induced hypertension?
- ACE inhibitors
- ARBs
- Renin inhibitors
they cause teratogenicity (embryo defects)
What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
- Cough
- Angioedema
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hypotension
- Teratogenicity (embryo defects)
- Renal failure in bilateral renal artery stenosis
What is the preferred antihypertensive drug in pregnancy?
- Methyldopa
- Labetalol
- Nifedipine
What are the common adverse effects of β - blockers?
- bradycardia
- fatigue
- depression
- erectile dysfunction
- can mask hypoglycemia
- contraindicated in asthma and COPD
Benefit of ARBs compared to ACE inhibitors?
Do not affect bradykinin.
less dry cough and less angioedema
Contraindications of ACE inhibitors?
- Pregnancy
- Hyperkalaemia
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Name 2 ways ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure.
- decrease angiotensin II ; hence, vasodilation
- decrease aldosterone ; hence, less salt retention
