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Bitchin drug list > Druuuuugs > Flashcards

Druuuuugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ethanol

A

Inhibitory peptide- binds to GABA receptors, increasing their effects

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2
Q

Give an example of an NSAID

A

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen

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3
Q

Whats the MOA of NSAIDs

A

COX inhibitors

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4
Q

Whats the normal function of COX enzymes

A

Start pathway that produces; prostaglandins, inflammatory mediators, Thromboxane A2 and others

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5
Q

What are 2nd generation COX inhibitors

A

Inhibit only COX-2 e.g. roficoxib (end in ‘coxib’)

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6
Q

Give an example of a cholinesterase inhibtor

A

Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium

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7
Q

How do cholinesterase inhibitors work

A

Compete with Ach to bind to AchE and so prevents the breakdown of Ach, increasing its concentration in the neuromuscular junction

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8
Q

What can cholinesterase inhibitors be used to treat

A

Myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Name a cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin

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10
Q

How do cardiac glycosides work

A

Inhibits the Na+/K+ pump so there’s increased intracellular Na+. This inhibits the Na+/Ca++ so that there’s increased intracellular Ca++ causing increased force of contraction

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11
Q

How do ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors work

A

Inhibition of ACE reduces synthesis of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) and decreases aldosterone (increases volume of blood)

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12
Q

Name some ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril, Captopril (end in ‘pril’)

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13
Q

How do angiotensin receptor blockers work

A

Block the receptor angiotensin II binds to. Same effect as ACE inhibitors

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14
Q

Name an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

Lorsartan (end in ‘sartan’)

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15
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

A

Prevent calcium entering cells in heart and blood vessels. Stops vasoconstriction so reduces bp

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16
Q

Name some calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine, Verapamil

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17
Q

How do beta blockers work

A

Competitive inhibition of beta adrenergic receptors, reducing sympathetic stimulation

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18
Q

Name some beta blockers

A

Atenolol, Misoprolol (end in ‘olol’)

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19
Q

What do beta 1 agonists do

A

Opposite effect of beta blockers eg. isoprenaline

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20
Q

How do Thiazide diuretics work

A

Inhibit the Na+/K+ co-transporter in distal tubules of kidney encouraging water to move from blood vessels to kidney tubule. Increases water secretion and decreases bp

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21
Q

Give an example of a Thiazide diuretic

A

benzoflumethiazide

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22
Q

How do muscarinic receptors antagonists work

A

Binds to M2 receptors in vomiting center of medulla to inhibit; gastric, sweet, salivary and bronchial secretions. Relaxes smooth muscle

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23
Q

Give an example of a muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

Hyoscine

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24
Q

How do serotonin receptor antagonists work

A

Blocks serotonin in chemoreceptor trigger zone of medulla

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25
Give an example of a serotonin receptor antagonist
Ondanestron
26
How do proton pump inhibitors work
Irreversibly block the H+/K+ pump of gastric parietal cells and so inhibits H+ secretion into gastric lumen. Heals peptic ulcers and aids heart burn
27
Name some proton pump inhibtors
Omeprazole, Lansoprazole (ends in 'prazole')
28
How do statins work
Competitively inhibits HMG-coA reductase which is the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduce LDLs
29
Name some statins
Simvastatin, Artovastatin (end in 'statin')
30
How do nuclear receptor agonists work
Bind to nuclear receptor and change lipid metabolism, increasing HDL but decreasing LDL and VLDL
31
What is Ferrous sulphate and what is used for
An essential body mineral that's used to treat iron deficiency anaemia
32
How does a purine synthesis inhibitor work?
Immunosuppressant that inhibits DNA synthesis of purine thus preventing clonal proliferation of B and T cells
33
Give an example of a purine synthesis inhibitor
Azathioprine
34
How does Predisone work
Binds to receptors, enters cell nucleus, indirectly suppresses IL-2 expression which therefore reduces T-cell activation. Immunosuppressant
35
How do ADP antagonist work
Inhibit the binding of ADP to its platelet agonist and thus the subsequent ADP mediated activation of a glycoprotein complex, inhibiting platelet aggregation
36
Name an ADP antagonist
Clopidogrel
37
How do vitamin K antagonists work
Competitive inhibitor of vitamin K, preventing its activation and so inhibiting coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X
38
What is Warfarin
A vitamin K antagonist
39
How do antifibrinolytics work
Reversibly binds to receptor sites on plasminogen, preventing its conversion to plasmin, reducing fibrin degradation. Prevents heavy bleeding
40
Name an antifbrinolytic
Tranexamic acid
41
How do opioid analgesic work
Method largely unknown. Bind to GABA neurons that inhibit pain inhibition pathway
42
Give examples of opioid analgesics
Diamorphine, morphine
43
How do sodium channel blockers work
Block sodium channels so action potentials can't fire. Gives a local anaesthetic effect
44
Give an example of a sodium channel blocker
Lidocaine
45
How do SSRIs work
Prevent reuptake of serotonin into neurons so it can remain in synaptic cleft
46
Name an SSRI
Fluoxetine
47
Name a tricyclic antidepressant
Amitryptiline
48
How do tricyclic antidepressants work
Prevent reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin into neurons, increasing their concentration in synaptic cleft
49
What is Levodopa and how does it work
Dopamine precursor. Increases dopamine levels in the substantia nigra
50
What is Diazepam and how does it work
GABA receptor agonist. Binds to GABA receptor and causes opening of cl- channels resulting in hyperpolarisation and inhibition of action potentials
51
How does a muscarinic receptor agonist work
Acts on Ach receptors to increase parasympathetic activity e.g. rest & digest, smooth muscle contraction, reduced HR
52
Whats Salbutamol
B2 adrenergic agonist that allows bronchodilation
53
How does the antidiabetic drug Acarbose work
Inhibits pancreatic amylase and glucosidase hence reducing glucose uptake
54
How does the sulfonylurea Glipizide work
Bind to receptors, closing K+ channels and causing depolarisation. Ca++ channels open which causes vesicles to travel to cell membrane and release insulin by exocytosis
55
What's metformin
Biguanide
56
How does metformin work
Activates AMP activated protein kinase which reduce gluconeogenesis, intestinal glucose uptake but increase peripheral glucose uptake
57
How do thiazolidinediones work
Agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- gamma (PPAR). Increases transcription of genes coding for proteins important in insulin action
58
Name a thiazolidinediones
Roziglitazone
59
What's sildenafil
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor
60
How do PDE5 inhibitors work
Inhibition of PDE5 means less cyclic GMP is broken down and so can build up and continue causing vasodilation, helping maintain erection
61
Name some progesterone only contraceptives
Desogestrel, levonorgestrel (end in 'gestrel')
62
How do progesterone only contraceptives work
Progesterone causes inhibition of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary therefore less LH and prevents ovulation
63
How does the combined pill work
Inhibits hypothalamus but mainly anterior pituitary so there's less release of FSH and LH . Secondary effects which alter cervical endometrium
64
How do bisphosphates work
Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts
65
Name a bisphosphate
Alendronate (end in 'ate')
66
How do local anaesthetics work
Block voltage gated Na+ channels, decreasing rate of depolarisation
67
What are the two types of local anaesthetics and name some
Amides- lidocaine, bupivacaine (2 i's in name) | Esters- locaine, procaine (1 i in name)
68
How do antipsychotics work
Antagonise D2 receptors in mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways
69
Name some antipsychotics
Risperidone (1st gen), Haloperidol (2nd gen)

Bitchin drug list (1 decks)

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