Dry eye Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is dry eye disease (DED)?
A chronic, multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis with ocular discomfort and/or visual symptoms.
What are the two main types of dry eye disease?
Evaporative – caused by lipid deficiency (e.g. Meibomian gland dysfunction).
Aqueous-deficient – caused by reduced lacrimal gland secretion (e.g. Sjögren’s).
What are common local causes of dry eye disease?
Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis, contact lens wear, eyelid disorders.
What is Sjögren’s syndrome?
A systemic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks moisture-producing glands, causing dry eyes, dry mouth, and gland swelling.
What are the common symptoms of dry eye disease?
Irritation, dryness, itching, watering, and transient blurred vision.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for dry eye?
Warm compresses, lid hygiene/massage, reducing screen time, increasing blink rate, avoiding smoke, drafts, and alcohol, and adjusting contact lens use.
What is the first-line treatment for mild dry eye?
Hypromellose, though it may require hourly application.
What are alternatives to hypromellose with longer duration of action?
Carbomers and polyvinyl alcohol, which cling better to the eye and can be used 4x daily.
What tear substitutes are used for moderate to severe dry eye?
Sodium hyaluronate, hydroxypropyl guar, and carmellose sodium.
When are preservative-free formulations preferred?
When applying ≥4x/day, wearing contact lenses, using multiple eye meds, or with moderate/severe dry eye.
When are paraffin-based eye ointments used?
At night for lubrication, especially in recurrent corneal epithelial erosion.
Why should ointments be avoided with contact lenses?
They can cause temporary visual disturbance and are not safe for use with lenses.
