DSA GI Correlations

Question 1

What does Acholic mean?

Answer 1

White clay colored stools

Question 2

What does acute cachexia mean?

Answer 2

General ill health and malnutrition

Question 3

Coffee ground emesis

Answer 3

Denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic environment

Question 4

What does colic mean?

Answer 4

Acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

Question 5

What does dyspepsia mean?

Answer 5

postprandial epigastric discomfort

Question 6

What does Dysphagia mean?

Answer 6

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

What does ERCP mean?

Answer 7

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 8

What does hematemesis mean?

Answer 8

vomiting blood

Question 9

What does hematochezia mean?

Answer 9

Bright red blood or maroon stool

Question 10

What does Icterus mean?

Answer 10

Jaundice

Question 11

What does Melena mean?

Answer 11

Tar like stool

Usually secondary to UGIB

Question 12

What does pneumobilia mean?

Answer 12

Abnormal prresence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts

Question 13

What does pneumomediastinum mean?

Answer 13

Abnormal presence of air or gas in teh mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation and may lead to pneumothorax

Question 14

What does Pneumoperitoneum mean?

Answer 14

Abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

Question 15

What does UGIB mean?

Answer 15

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 16

What does uterolitiasis mean?

Answer 16

Stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria

Question 17

What is a virchow’s node?

Answer 17

Palpable mass, lymph node, in the left supraclavicular/sternoclavicular fossa

Question 18

What would you ask a patient that comes in for nausea and vomiting?

Answer 18

Appearance?

Blood?

Coffee grounds?

Food?

Feculent?

Question 19

What questions would you ask someone who is having troubles swallowing?

Answer 19

Solids, liquids, or both?

Progressive or not?

Constant vs intermittent?

Question 20

What are some possible lab tests that you can order for a GI complaint?

Answer 20

CBC

Comprehesive metabolic panel

basic metabolic panel

urialysis

pregnancy test

Question 21

Whats the difference between BMP and CMP?

Answer 21

CMP has electrolytes and LFTs

BMP just has electrolytes

Question 22

What tests would you order if you were looking for pancreatitis?

Answer 22

LIpase and amylase

Question 23

What tests would you order if you were looking for Zolinger Ellison Gastrinoma?

Answer 23

Fasting gastrin

Secretin stimulation test

Question 24

What can be useful about plain film for the abdomen?

Answer 24

Great to check for free air, bowel obstruction, and/or constipation

Question 25

What is an ultrasound good for?

Answer 25

Good for imaging fluid filled structures (ex. gall bladder, bladder, kidneys, aorta and vessels, heart)

Question 26

What is an ERCP used for?

Answer 26

Invasive way to visualize the hepatobiliary and pancreatic ducts

Question 27

What imaging gives you the most information about abdominal pathology?

Answer 27

CT scan Order as ABD/Pelvis

Question 28

What is GERD?

Answer 28

Reflux or gastric contenets throug hteh lower esophageal sphincter into esophagus or oropharynx Symptoms: Heartburn (pyrosis) and regurgitation/reflux

Question 29

How can you treat GERD?

Answer 29

Weight loss, elevate head of bed, avoid dietary triggers Antacids Surface agents H2 blockers Proton Pump Inhibitors

Question 30

What is PUD?

Answer 30

Peptic ulcers are defects in teh gastric or duodenal mucosa

Question 31

What are the two major risk factors for PUD?

Answer 31

H. Pylori and NSAIDS

Question 32

What is the most common cause of UGI bleeding?

Answer 32

PUD

Question 33

What is the difference between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer?

Answer 33

Gastric ulcer: infection in gastric body --\> decrease in acid secretion Loss of protective mucosal barrier Duodenal Ulcer: Infection in gastric antrum --\> Increase in acid secretion

Question 34

What types of GI pathology are assoicated with H. Pylori?

Answer 34

PUD, chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT, lymphoma, and duodenal ulcers

Question 35

How does H. Pylori contribute to GI pathology?

Answer 35

It neutralizes gastric acid by hydrolyzing gastric lumina urea so it can penetrate the gastric mucus layer

Question 36

What tests can be used to confirm H. Pylori?

Answer 36

Urea breath test Fecal antigen test Detection of antibodies in serum Upper endoscopy Remember: Have patient stop Proton Pump Inhibitor medication 14 days prior to fecal and breath tests

Question 37

What is an UGIB?

Answer 37

Any GI bleed originating proximal to the ligament of Treitz

Question 38

What is a LGIB?

Answer 38

Any GI bleed originating distal to the ligament of treitz

Question 39

What would you expect in a patient with dilated submucosal veins?

Answer 39

Portal hypertension From alcoholic liver disease

Question 40

What is the difference between colelithiasis and cholecystitis?

Answer 40

Colelithiasis are gallstones Cholecystitis is inflammation in the gallbladder secondary to stone obstruction in neck of GB or cystic duct

Question 41

What is the classic presentation of an appedicitis?

Answer 41

RLQ abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting Usually start visceral then becomes localized at mcburney's point

Question 42

What is the classic presentation of Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis?

Answer 42

Abdominal pain localized in LLQ

Question 43

What is achalasia?

Answer 43

Failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter accompanied by a loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus "Bird's Beak"

Question 44

What is Chagas Disease?

Answer 44

Esophageal dysfunction indistinguishable from primary idiopathic achalasia Signs and Symptoms: Romana sign (swelling of periorbital tissue) and chagoma (swelling at the site)

Question 45

What is zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

Answer 45

Secretion of gastrin by duodenal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Significantly elevated fasting gastrin level and positive secretin stimulation test