DSF Anatomy of Joints Flashcards

1
Q

How are joints classified?

A

Joints (articulations) classified based on the material joining or attaching the bones:
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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2
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

United by fibrous tissue such as a ligament or fibrous membrane
Very stable, little movement
Ex: fontanelles and sutures of skull, intraosseous membrane of forearm, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

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3
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

United by fibrocartilage
Ex: intervertebral discs
*Degenerative changes in fibrocartilage of intervertebral disks can lead to herniation, which can impinge on spinal nerves

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4
Q

Growth Plates (Physes)

A

Temporary cartilaginous joints

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5
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Articular surfaces of bones covered by specialized articular cartilage
2+ bones forming the joint united by joint capsule
Synovial membrane of inner capsule secretes synovial fluid into joint cavity
Normal synovial fluid is similar in appearance and consistency to an uncooked egg white
Exhibit different degrees of mobility (and stability - intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments) depending on the shape of the articular surfaces
Capsule richly innervated by sensory nerves

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6
Q

Intra-articular structures of synovial joints

A
Aid in mobility, adjust joint contours, absorb compressive forces
Menisci
Glenoid labrum
Intra-articular ligaments
Fat pads
Tendons
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7
Q

How are synovial joints classified?

A
Based on shape of articular surfaces, and the movements they permit
6 types based on shape:
Pivot: cervical vertebrae
Ball and socket: shoulder, hip
Planar (flat): acromial-clavicular joint
Hinge: elbow, knee
Saddle:
Condyloid (ellipsoid):
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8
Q

Bursae

A

Closed sacs of serous membrane that reduce friction by enabling one structure to move freely over another

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9
Q

Synovial tendon sheaths

A

Facilitate gliding and reduce “wear and tear” of tendons

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10
Q

Injuries to joints

A

Dislocation - Joint completely out of place
Subluxation - Joint partially out of place
Arthritis - Breakdown of bearing surface of joint

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