DSM criteria Flashcards
MDD
A) 5 or more of the following, present during the same 2 week period.
- One needs to be either depressed mood OR loss of interest/pleasure.
- Sig weight loss or gain, decrease or increase in appetite.
- Insomnia or hypersomnia.
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation noticed by others.
- Fatigue or loss of energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive/inapp guilt.
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness.
- Recurrent thoughts of death, si (doesn’t need a plan), suicide attempt
Persistent Depressive Disorder
A) Depressed mood for more days than not for 2 years.
B) Presence, while depressed, of 2 or more of the following
- Poor appetite or overeating.
- Insomnia or hypersomnia.
- Low energy or fatigue.
- Low self-esteem.
- Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
- Feelings of hopelessness.
C) Cannot be without the above for more than 2 months at a time.
D) No mania/hypomania.
Specific Phobia
A) Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation.
B) The phobic thing almost always produces immediate fear or anxiety.
C) The phobic thing is actively avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety.
D) The fear is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the phobic thing and to the sociocultural context.
E) Fear/anxiety is persistent for 6 + months.
Social Anxiety Disorder
A) Marked fear or anxiety about social situations (social interactions, being observed, performing in front of others) in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
B) They fear they will act in a way or show anxiety sx that will be negatively evaluated (humiliated, lead to rejection, offend others).
C) The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.
D) The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.
E) The fear/anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation.
F) Lasts at least 6 months.
Panic Disorder
A) Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with 4 or more of the following:
- Sweating.
- Dizziness, unsteady, lightheaded, faint.
- Trembling or shaking.
- Chills or heat sensations.
- Paresthesias (numbness, tingling).
- Palpitations, pounding heart, tachycardia.
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- SOB or sensation of smothering.
- Feeling of choking.
- Nausea or abdo distress.
- Derealization or depersonalization.
- Fear of going crazy, fear of losing control.
- Fear of dying.
B) PLUS one month or more of the following:
- Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences.
- A sig maladaptive change in behaviour related to the attacks.
Agoraphobia
A) Marked fear/anxiety about 2 or more of the following:
- Using public transportation.
- Being in open spaces.
- Being in enclosed spaces.
- Standing in line or being in a crowd.
- Being outside of the home alone.
B) The person fears/avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might NOT be available in the event of developing panic-like sensations/incapacitating/embarrassing sx.
C) The situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.
D) The situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense anxiety.
E) Fear/anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed.
F) Fear/anxiety/avoidance is present for 6 + months.
GAD
A) Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of things, most days, for 6 months.
B) Cannot control the worry.
C) The worry is asst with 3 or more of the following
- Restlessness, feeling keyed up, on edge.
- Being easily fatigued.
- Difficulty concentrating, mind going blank.
- Irritability.
- Muscle tension.
- Sleep disturbances.
PTSD
A) Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
B) One or more intrusion sx.
- Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories.
- Distressing dreams which content/affect is related.
- Dissociative reactions (flashbacks) where it feels like the event(s) are recurring.
- Intense or prolonged physiological distress at exposure to cues.
- Marked physiological reactions to cues.
C) Persistent avoidance of memories, thoughts, feelings, and external reminders (people, places, things).
D) Two or more negative alterations in cognition and mood
- Inability to remember an impt aspect of the event (dissociative amnesia).
- Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself or expectations about oneself or the world (I am bad, the world is dangerous).
- Persistent and distorted cognitions about the event which lead to self-blame.
- Persistent negative emotional states: anger, guilt, shame, fear.
- Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
- Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
E) Two or more changes in arousal and reactivity.
- Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts.
- Reckless or self-destructive behaviour.
- Hypervigilance.
- Exaggerated startle response.
- Problems with concentration.
- Sleep disturbances.
F) More than one month of the above.
Acute Stress Disorder
A) Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
B) 9 or more of the following.
- Intrusion sx: distressing memories, distressing dreams, dissociative reactions, physiological distress or reactions to cues.
- Negative mood: persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
- Dissociative sx: an altered sense of reality of ones’ surroundings or one’s sense of self, inability to remember impt aspects of the trauma.
- Avoidance sx: efforts to avoid memories, thoughts, feelings, external reminders.
- Arousal sx: sleep disturbances, irritable behaviour and angry outbursts, hypervigilance, problems with concentration, exaggerated startle response.
C) duration of sx is 3 days to one month.
Adjustment Disorder
A) Emotional or behavioural sx in response (within 3 months) to an identifiable stressor.
B) One or more of the following.
- Marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity of the stressor and in the sociocultural context.
- Sig impairment in social, occupational, other areas of functioning.
OCD
A) Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
- Obsessions being: recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted and cause the person distress. The person attempts to ignore or suppress or neutralize same with other thoughts or actions.
- Compulsions: repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The same is aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety/distress or preventing some dreaded event/situation.
B) Obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming, take more than 1 hour/day.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A) One or more somatic sxs that are distressing or result in impairment in daily life.
B) Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviours related to the somatic sxs, need one+ of the following.
- Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s sxs.
- Persistently high level of anxiety about health or sxs.
- Excessive time and energy devoted to these sxs/health concerns.
C) Although the somatic complaint may not be continuously present, the state of being sx lasts for 6+ months.
Conversion Disorder/Functional Neurological Sx Disorder
A) One or more sx of altered voluntary motor or sensory fxn.
B) Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the sx and the recognized neurological or medical condition.
Illness Anxiety Disorder
A) Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.
B) Somatic sx are not present, or if present are of a mild intensity. If there is a reason to suspect an illness, the level of preoccupation is clearly excessive or disproportionate.
C) There is a high level of anxiety about health and the person is easily alarmed about personal health status.
D) They do excessive health-related behaviours or has maladaptive avoidance.
E) Illness preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months.
Schizophreniform Disorder
A) Two or more, for the majority of a month. At lease one must be the first 3 of the following:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- Negative sx
B) An episode is between 1-6 months
C) Sczaffective, depression, bipolar with psychotic features have been ruled out since no major mood episodes have occurred concurrently OR if mood sx are present, its for a minority of the time the pt was psychotic
Schizophrenia
A) 2 or more of the following, for at least 1 month. Need at least 1 of the first 3.
- Delusions.
- Hallucinations.
- Disorganized speech.
- Grossly disorganized behaviour or catatonic behaviour.
- Negative sx (avolition, reduced emotional expression).
B) Since onset of disturbance, there must be a decline in level of functioning in more than one major area (work, interpersonal, self-care).
C) Continuous signs of disturbance are present for at least 6 months.
D) No depressive or manic episodes have happened concurrently or if they have, have only present for a minority of the total duration of active and residual periods of the illness.
Schizoaffective Disorder
A) An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode concurrent with criteria A of scz.
B) Delusions or hallucinations for 2+ weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime of the illness.
C) Sx of a mood disorder are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness.
Delusional Disorder
A) One or more delusions are present for at least a month.
B) Criteria A for scz has never been met.
C) Apart from the impact of delusions, functioning is not markedly impaired and behaviour is not obviously bizarre or odd.
D) If there is a mood episode, it is brief relative to the delusional period.
