DSM+ ICD Flashcards
What is the DSM
Diagnostic and statistical manual, which was created in order to help clinicians reach an objective conclusion upong diagnosing a client.
North American
Currently on DSM 5, it is updated at regular intervals
DSM IV
Contained 5 categories which were called axes, the first being the actual psychiatric diagnosis and the rest of the axes being any personality problems, general medical conditions, environmental stress and global functioning
This was in order to reduce any reductionism and become more holistic.
The Dsm IV also contained many “culture bound syndromes” which recognised that mental health can be different in different cultures.
DSM 5
DSM 5 had made many changes that could have been seen as controversial such as getting rid of the axis system, which helped make links between symptoms.
Removing any unnecessary labels was also done where many conditons were reduced into one.
Reflecting social change, there was more understanding towards different mental illnesses such as ptsd due to recent wars, “cultural bound syndromes” were also taken off and instead replaced with a section of cultural awareness.
Reflection of tolerant attitudes- words such as “mental retardation” were renoved and instead replaced with intellectual disability.
What is ICD-10
While DSM is North American and funded , the ICD-10 is an international manual for physical and mental disorders and is supported by WHO( world health organisation)
How does the ICD-10 work
ICD-10 contains the code F which is specific for mental health disorders then a number which determines the family of the mental health disorder then another number which categorises the specific disorder, a number following would be for the subtype and any other numbers after are for further categorisation.
Criticisms of the DSM
DSM-5 have been criticised for medicalising normal behaviours + mooods
Seen throuugh a particular criticism over grief where the DSM-IV had a “bereavement exclusion criterion” where it would be difficult for a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder if undergoing grief
This was renoved in the DSM-5, which can make it possible for a person undergoing grief to become diagnosed with depression.
Rosenhan
Demonstrates how diagnosis may have good reliability where doctors consistently diagnosed the pseudo patients with schizophrenia,however can lack validity as patients were incorrectly diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Goldstein 1988
Rediagnosed 199 patients.
Tested the reliability of the DSM-3 aftee they originally have been diagnosed with the DSM 2 and have found expected slight differences due to the revisions.
Goldstein then carried out a single blind technique where she had gotten two experts to rediagnose 8 patients and given the case studies with the reference of their diagnosis being renoved , and had found high inter rate reliability,was still diagnosed w the same disorder.
Suggests DSM 2 was a reliable tool + so was the DSM 4 that was revised
objections by bps
BPS( british psychological society) criticised the DSM as it argued that the patient is made to fit the diagnosis rather than the diagnosis fitting the patient
Hoffman et all
Carried out a study on 7000 prisoners and had compared the diagnosis of DSM-5 and ICD-10 and had found that there was a common agreement of diagnosis of alcoholism for severely alcoholic prisoners, however there was diferences when it was down to mild- moderate alcoholic disorders, with 1/3rd of those said to have mild- moderate alcoholism , gained no diagnosis from ICD-10
Slightly Low inter-rate reliability, as afterall.
ICD-10 could produce false negative- those who may suffer gain no treatment
DSM-5- false positive- those who may show no negative symptoms, gain treatment, “medicalising normal behaviour”
