DSM Terminology Flashcards
Catatonic behavior
Marked motor abnormalities including motoric immobility, certain types of excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, or mutism, posturing, or stereotyped movements.
Typically comes with psychosis
Not intentional
Think broad umbrella term for broad abnormalities
Can be excessive motor activity
Can be negative motor activity
Excessive motor activity
Purposeless agitation not influenced by external stimuli
Extreme negativism
Apparent motiveless resistance to instructions or attempts to be moved
Comorbidity
The experience of more than one disorder at a time
Countertransference
Circumstances in which a psychoanalyst develops personal feelings about a client because of perceived similarity of the client to significant people in the therapist’s life
Pathology
The study of disease process
Perception
The processes that organize information in the sensory image and interpret it as having been produced by properties of objects or events in the external, three-dimensional world.
Schema
General conceptual frameworks, or clusters of knowledge, regarding objects, people, and situations; knowledge packages that encode generalizations about the structure of the environment.
Transference
The process by which a person in psychoanalysis attaches to a therapist the feelings formerly held toward some significant person who figured in a past emotional conflict.
Affect
A pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion) (can be incongruent of emotion).
Subtypes of affect (Bonus: put them in order!)
Flat Blunted Restricted or constricted Inappropriate Labile Full
Blunted affect
significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression
Flat affect
Absence or near absence of any sign or affective expression (No smiling, crying, frowning. Flat presentation)
Restricted or constricted affect
mild reduction (this is subtle and difficult to observe)
Inappropriate affect
characterized by a display of emotion, behavior, or demeanor that is opposite to what an event calls for (Not necessarily on the continuum)
Labile affect
rapid and abrupt shifts and swings in their affect
Full affect
Considered “normal”
Alogia
An impoverishment in thinking that is inferred from observing speech and language behavior. There may be brief and concrete replies to questions and restriction in the amount of spontaneous speech (termed poverty of speech). Sometimes the speech is adequate in amount but conveys little information because it is over-concrete, over-abstract, repetitive, or stereotyped (termed poverty of content).
Anhedonia
Lack of enjoyment from, engagement in, or energy for life’s experiences; deficits in the capacity to feel pleasure and take interest in things. Anhedonia is a facet of the broad personality trait domain Detachment.
Aphasia
Deficit of communication due to injury or disease of brain regions.
Can be characterized by disorganized speech (word salad, extreme tangential, non-linear, loose association)
Asociality
A reduced initiative for interacting with other people
Avolition
An inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities. When severe enough to be considered pathological, avolition is pervasive and prevents the person from completing many different types of activities (e.g., work, intellectual pursuits, self-care).
Cognition
Processes of knowing, including attending, remembering, and reasoning; also, the content of the processes, such as concepts and memories.
Compulsion
Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.
Conversion symptom
A loss of, or alteration in, voluntary motor or sensory functioning, with or without apparent impairment of consciousness. The symptom is not fully explained by a neurological or another medical condition or the direct effects of a substance and is not intentionally produced or feigned.
Defense mechanism
Mechanisms that mediate the individual’s reaction to emotional conflicts and to external stressors. Some defense mechanisms (e.g., projection, splitting, acting out) are almost invariably maladaptive. Others (e.g., suppression, denial) may be either maladaptive or adaptive, depending on their severity, their inflexibility, and the context in which they occur.
Delusion
A false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly held despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary. The belief is not ordinarily accepted by other members of the person’s culture or subculture (i.e., it is not an article of religious faith). When a false belief involves a value judgment, it is regarded as a delusion only when the judgment is so extreme as to defy credibility. Delusional conviction can sometimes be inferred from an overvalued idea (in which case the individual has an unreasonable belief or idea but does not hold it firmly as is the case with a delusion). Delusions will cause problems in their normal life.
Types of Delusion
Bizarre Jealousy Erotomaniac Grandiose Of being controlled Of reference Persecutory Somatic Thought insertion
Bizarre delusion
A delusion that involves a phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as physically impossible. Not conceivably possible. Non-bizarre: conceivably possible (within the realm of possibility, but not likely. This is all considered within the client’s culture
Jealousy delusion
A delusion that one’s sexual partner is unfaithful.
