Dsst Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Wilhelm wundt
A
First scientific laboratory
2
Q
Francis Bacon
A
Created scientific metho
3
Q
Biological Approach
A
Personality is linked to genetics
4
Q
Behavioral Approach
A
Study and observe behavior-blank state
5
Q
Cognitive Approach
A
How the mind learns and thinks
6
Q
Humanistic
A
All people are inherently good
7
Q
Psychoanalytical
A
Actions are based on unconscious motivation
8
Q
Structuralism
A
Classification of the minds structures
9
Q
Functionalism
A
William James - rhe “how” part of behavior
10
Q
Nature vs. Nurture
A
Whether or not biology plays a part in personality
11
Q
Variable
A
A changing part of the person
12
Q
Constant
A
A variable that always stays the same
13
Q
Dependent Variable
A
The variable the experiment is trying to get information about
14
Q
Independent variable
A
The variables that the experimenter controls
15
Q
Correlational Research
A
How much one variable changes in relation to each other
16
Q
Clinical Psychologist
A
Doctoral degree in psychology, cannot prescribe medicine
17
Q
Psychiatrist
A
A medical doctor with a degree in Psychotherapy, can prescribe drugs
18
Q
Ethics
A
Principles and standards of behavior including morals
19
Q
Hypothalamus
A
Part of the endocrine system
20
Q
Autonomic nerveous system
A
Involuntary system
21
Q
Sympathetic nervous system
A
Arousing part of the system
22
Q
Parasympathetic nervous system
A
Calming part of the system
23
Q
Hippocampus
A
Stores memories
24
Q
Limbic system
A
Memory and emotion center
25
Cerebral Cortex
Most developed and largest part of the brain
26
Occipital lobe
Vision
27
Temporal lobe
Hearing
28
Frontal lobe
Voluntary muscles and intelligence
29
Parietal lobe
Body sensations
30
Cerebrum
The two large halves of the brain
31
Cerebellum
Coordinates all movements and muscles
32
Pons
Control breathing and heart rate
33
Brain stem
Sends commands to all other parts of the body
34
Thalamus
Main relay station for sensory signals
35
Hypothalamus
Regulates internal temperature
36
Gregor mendel
Father of genetics
37
Somatic cell
A full set of chromosomes
38
Cloning
Reproduction done with just the somatic cells
39
Gametes
Reproductive cells (eggs and sperm)
40
Zygote
First part/stage of a human
41
Vestibular sense
Balance and body movement
42
Absolute threshold
How much sensation one has to have to feel something
43
Sclera
White part of the eye
44
Iris
Colored part of the eye
45
Pupil
Part of the eye that is black, opens and closes to let in light
46
Cornea
A clear membrane that protects the eye
47
Lens
Transparent and located in front of the eye
48
Retina
Back of the eye. Contains rods and cones.
49
Cones
Use to view color
50
Noise
Irrelevant stimuli that competes for attention
51
Frequency
The number of full wavelengths that pass through a point in a given amount of time
52
Pitch
Ears interpretation of a sounds frequency
53
Amplitude
Amount of pressure produced by a sound wave and is measured in decibels
54
Loudness
A sound waves amplitude
55
Outer ear
Includes pinna and external auditory canal
56
Timbre
The perceptual quality of sound
57
Middle ear
Eardrum, anvil, stirrup
58
Inner ear
Oval window, cochlea, organ of corti
59
Cochlea
A fluid filled structure in the inner ear that looks like a snail
60
Organ of corti
A part of the ear inside the cochlea
61
Gestalt psychology
People organize their perceptions by patterns
62
Depth perception
Makes people see objects in three dimensions
63
Visual cliff
Proof that babies have depth perception
64
Erik Erickson
Psychoanalyst
65
Most important thing to Erickson
Development of trust
66
Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant
67
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler
68
Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschooler
69
Industry vs. Inferiority
School-Age
70
Identy vs. Role Confusion
Adolescent
71
Intamacy vs. Isolation
Young Adult
72
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle-Age Adult
73
Ego integrity vs. Despair
Old age
74
Jean Piaget
Cognitive theorist
75
Accommodation
The difference made to ones mind or concepts by the process of assimilation.
76
Classification
The ability to group objects together on a basis of common features
77
Class inclusion
The understanding of more advanced than simple classification, that some classes or sets of objects are also sub-sets of larger class
78
Conservation
The realization that objects or sets of objects stay the same even when they are changed about or made to look different
79
Developmemtal Norm
A statistical measure of typical scores for categories of information
80
Egocentrism
The belief thar you are the center of the universe and everything revolves atound you.
81
Elaboration
Relating new information to something familiar
82
Operation
The process of working something out in your head
83
Recognition
The ability to identify correctly something encountered before
84
Recall
Being able to reproduce knowledge from memory
85
Schema
The representation in the mind of a set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions, which go together
86
Stage
A period in a childs development in which he or she is capable of understanding some things but not others
87
Reflexive Stage (0-2 months)
Simple reflex activity such as grasping and sucking
88
Primary Circular Reactions (2-4 months)
Reflexive behaviors occur in stereotyped repitition such as opening and closing fingers repetitively
89
Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months)
Repetition of change actions to reproduce interesting consequences such as kicking ones feet to move a mobile suspended over a crib
90
Coordination of secondary Reactions (8-12 months)
Responses become coordinated into more complex sequences. Actions take on an "intentional character"
91
Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months)
Discover of new ways to produce the same consequence or obtain the same goal such as the infant may pull a pillow toward him in an attenpt to get a toy resting on it
92
Invention of new means through mental combination (18-24 months)
Evidence of an internal representational system. Symbolizing the problen-solving sequence before actually responding. Deferred imitation.
93
Preoperational phase (2-4 years)
Increased use of verbal representation but speech is egocentric. The beginnings of symbolic rather than simple motor play
94
Intuitive phase (4-7 years)
Speech becomes more social, less egocentric. The child has an intuitive grasp of logical concepts in some areas.
95
Period of concret operations (7-11 years)
Evidence for organized, logical thought. There is the ability to perform multiple classification tasks,order objects in a logical sequence, and comprehend the principle of coservation
96
Period of formal operation (11-15 years)
Thought becomes more abstract, incorporating the principles of formal logic. The ability to generate abstract prpositions, multiple hypotheses and their possible outcomes is evident.
97
Oral Stage
Birth-1 year
98
Anal stage
1-3 years
99
Phallic Stage
3-6 years
100
Latency Stage
6-11 years
101
Genital Stage
Adolescence
102
Denial
Complete rejection of the feeling or situation
103
Suppression
Hiding the feelings and not acknowledging them
104
Reaction Formation
Turning a feeling into the exact oppostitw feeling. For example, saying you hate someone you are interested in.
105
Projection
Projection is transferring your thoughts and feelings onto others. For example , someone who is being unfaithful themselves constantly accuses their partner of cheating
106
Displacement
Feelings are redirected to someone else. Someone who has a bad day at work and cant complain goes home and yells at their kids instead
107
Rationalization
You deny your feelings and come up with ways to justify your behavior
108
Regression
Reverting to old behavior to avoid feelings
109
Sublimation
A type of displacement, redirection of the feeling into a socially productive activity
110
Self-actualization
Highest needed in hierarchy - level 5
111
Esteem Needs
Level 4 need
112
Belonging and Love
Level 3 need
113
Safety
Level 2 need
114
Physical needs
Level 1 need
115
Operant conditioning
Reinforces good behavior
116
Instructional conditioning
Gives a negative sanction
117
Extinction
The process of unassociating the condition with thr response
118
Egocentric behavior
A child does not take into consideration other peoples needs
119
Social learning theory
Explicit role instruction (stereotypes), boys play with trucks and cars, girls wear make-up
120
Baby albert
Was kept in a box and conditioned
121
Stimulus generalization
Something from conditioning carries over to another related area
122
Naturalistic observation
Search conducted by watching the subject
123
Ego
The mediator between super ego and id
124
Id
Primative part of the subconscious which wants food and sex
125
Super ego
Ethical, super good part of the subconscious
126
Visual cliff
Experiment to prove infants have depth perception
127
Object permanance
Understanding that an object does not cease to exist once it has left your vision
128
Harry Harlow
Monkey experiment- monkeys liked the soft one better
129
Alfred Binet
Made the first IQ test
130
Formula to find out IQ
IQ = MENTAL AGE/CALCULATED AGE x 100
131
Hyperactivity affects what percentage of children?
0.03
132
Divergent thinking
Creative process lf thinking
133
Convergent thinking
Follower thinking
134
Naturalistic observation
Search conducted by watching the subject
135
Independent variable
The one the researchers have direct control over
136
Cross sectional studies
When people of different ages are studied at one particular time
137
Longitudinal studies
Where the people afe followed over a long period of time and checked up on at certain points
138
Quantitative
The number or amount of something
139
Kohbergd theory of moral development
How morality is linked to behavior
140
Preconventional morality
Punishment of obedience phase
141
Qualitative
Used i statistics, similar in structure or organization
142
Four steps of the scientific method
Gather information, generate hypothesis, test hypothesis, revise
143
Conventional morality
Motivation to obey is done from influence of other people
144
Postconventional morality
Motivation is because law is a higher order
