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Dtest Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a False-positive?

A

A test result indicating a condition is present when it is not.

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2
Q

What is a False-positive?

A

A test result indicating a condition is present when it is not.

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3
Q

What does a multi-rooted tooth with vital + non-vital pulp indicate?

A

It suggests that the nerve supply is damaged but the blood supply is intact.

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4
Q

What is the significance of a canal full of pus?

A

It indicates an infection or abscess in the tooth.

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5
Q

What is secondary dentine?

A

Dentine that forms in response to stimuli, often as a protective mechanism.

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6
Q

What should be applied first to the tooth being tested?

A

Petroleum jelly.

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7
Q

What does no response during a tooth vitality test suggest?

A

The tooth is non-vital.

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8
Q

What indicates that the pulp is hyperaemic?

A

An increased response during a tooth vitality test.

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9
Q

What does a positive response to percussion indicate?

A

The tooth is extruded due to exudate in apical or lateral periodontal tissues.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of palpation in dental diagnosis?

A

To determine if there is an associated apical abscess.

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11
Q

What imaging technique is used for localization of unerupted teeth?

A

DPT (Dental Panoramic Tomography).

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12
Q

What does a bitewing radiograph show?

A

Crowns and crestal bone levels, useful for diagnosing caries and bone loss.

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13
Q

What is the significance of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)?

A

It creates 3-D image reconstructions from multiple images.

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14
Q

What is dental caries?

A

A sugar-dependent infectious disease characterized by demineralization of tooth structure.

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15
Q

What is the initial visible lesion of enamel caries?

A

A white spot.

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16
Q

What is the difference between fissure caries and dentine caries?

A

Fissure caries starts as two white spot lesions, while dentine caries involves bacterial invasion and produces secondary dentine.

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17
Q

What is arrested caries?

A

A lesion that becomes inactive and may regress under favorable conditions.

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18
Q

What is the recommended practice if an approximal caries lesion is confined to enamel?

A

Institute preventive measures and keep under review.

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19
Q

What is the recommended first check-up age for children?

A

Once the first teeth have erupted, usually between 6 months and 1 year.

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20
Q

What is fluorosis?

A

Mottling of teeth due to excessive fluoride consumption.

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21
Q

What is the safely tolerated dose (STD) of fluoride?

A

1mg/kg body weight.

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22
Q

What is the potentially lethal dose (PLD) of fluoride?

A

5mg/kg body weight.

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23
Q

What is the concentration of fluoride in standard fluoride toothpaste?

A

1000ppm to 1500ppm.

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24
Q

What are the effects of chlorhexidine as an antiseptic?

A

Bactericidal and fungicidal, effective at reducing caries.

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25
What is the effectiveness of fluoride varnish?
It aids in the arrest of caries when applied directly to lesions.
26
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for children <7 years?
Less than 500ppm.
27
What is the purpose of sealants?
To prevent caries in susceptible teeth.
28
What is the retention rate of composite resin-based sealants after 1 year?
>85%.
29
What are the two classifications of intellectual impairment?
Mild (IQ 50–70) and severe (IQ <50).
30
What is the most common physical impairment in children?
Cerebral palsy.
31
What does DMFT stand for?
Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth.
32
What does the care index measure?
Proportion of dmft that has been treated by filling.
33
What is the significance of the amelo-dentinal junction (ADJ)?
It is where lateral spread of caries occurs, undermining enamel.
34
What is the recommended action for a cavitated lesion?
Place a restoration.
35
What is the effect of sodium pyrophosphate in toothpastes?
It can reduce calculus formation by 50%.
36
What is the recommended frequency for tooth brushing?
Twice daily.
37
What should children <3 years use for toothpaste?
A smear of toothpaste.
38
What should parents do regarding brushing supervision?
Supervise brushing until at least 7 years of age.
39
What is the role of saliva in relation to chlorhexidine?
Saliva contains negatively charged proteins that interact with chlorhexidine.
40
What happens to chlorhexidine effectiveness in the presence of plaque?
It is less effective.
41
What is the recommended approach for sealing fissures?
Seal as soon as practicable after eruption.
42
What should be done if a stained fissure is in doubt?
Take a bitewing radiograph.
43
What is the primary purpose of a dental check-up?
To monitor dental health and prevent caries.
44
What are the signs of arrested enamel caries?
Hard or leathery consistency and darker color than active decay.
45
What is the typical interval for adult patients' radiographic monitoring?
Between 3 and 24 months.
46
What is the potential outcome if a lesion is not cavitated?
It has the potential to arrest.
47
What is the role of fluoride varnish in caries prevention?
It is applied directly to lesions to aid arrest.
48
What does the acronym dmft stand for?
Decayed, missing, and filled deciduous teeth.
49
What is the purpose of a preventive resin restoration (PRR)?
To treat lesions extending to dentine but not exceeding one-third of the occlusal surface.
50
What is the primary use of chlorhexidine?
Management of gingivitis.
51
What is the action taken for a lesion that has penetrated dentine?
A restoration is indicated.
52
What is the effect of fluoride on caries rates?
It can reduce caries by 20–40%.
53
What might indicate a need for gastric lavage in fluoride toxicity?
A dose >5mg/kg body weight.
54
What is the concentration of fluoride in acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel?
1.23% F.
55
What are the effects of excessive fluoride on teeth?
Mottling, discoloration, and pitting.
56
What should be done if marginal integrity of a restoration is not intact?
Investigate the area with a small round bur.
57
What is the recommended approach if a lesion in enamel is found?
Seal and monitor clinically and radiographically.
58
What does the term 'retained roots' refer to?
Roots of teeth that have not fully erupted or been removed.
59
What is required for an antiseptic to achieve more than a transitory effect?
It needs to be retained in the mouth. ## Footnote Retention allows for prolonged effectiveness against bacteria and fungi.
60
What is chlorhexidine?
A positively charged bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. ## Footnote Chlorhexidine is effective in dental care for its ability to adhere to oral surfaces.
61
How does chlorhexidine interact with the teeth and oral mucosa?
It is attracted to negatively charged proteins on the surface of teeth and oral mucosa. ## Footnote This attraction facilitates its retention and gradual leaching out.
62
In what forms is chlorhexidine available?
0.2% mouthwash and 1% gel. ## Footnote These are available over the counter and are cheaper than prescription options.
63
What is the main application of chlorhexidine?
Management of gingivitis. ## Footnote It also shows effectiveness in reducing caries when used regularly.
64
Under what conditions can chlorhexidine be particularly helpful?
In the management of disabled patients or those with reduced salivary flow. ## Footnote Such patients may struggle with oral hygiene, making chlorhexidine beneficial.
65
What are some unwanted effects of chlorhexidine?
* Staining * Disturbance of taste * Parotid swelling (reversible) ## Footnote These side effects can impact patient comfort and compliance.
66
When is chlorhexidine less effective?
In the presence of a large build-up of plaque and when inactivated by commercial toothpastes. ## Footnote Effective oral hygiene practices can reduce its efficacy.
67
What must be ensured for sealants to be effective?
They need to be carefully applied to susceptible teeth. ## Footnote Proper application is crucial for sealant retention and effectiveness.
68
When are sealants most valuable?
In recently erupted molars. ## Footnote Especially effective for first molars, but moisture control can be challenging.
69
What should be done if sealants are lost?
They should be monitored and replaced. ## Footnote Regular checks ensure continued protection against caries.
70
When should teeth be sealed for maximum benefit?
As soon as practicable after eruption, certainly within 2 years. ## Footnote Early sealing optimizes caries prevention.
71
What criteria should be used for patient selection for sealants?
Sealants should be provided for 6s in children with impairments or extensive caries in the primary dentition. ## Footnote The criteria help identify high-risk patients.
72
What teeth should be sealed for children fulfilling the criteria?
* All susceptible fissures of permanent teeth * Occlusal fissures * Cingulum * Buccal and palatal pits ## Footnote Comprehensive sealing helps prevent caries in vulnerable areas.
73
What should be done if there is doubt about a stained fissure?
A b/w radiograph should be taken. ## Footnote Radiographs help in assessing the extent of caries.
74
What should be done if the lesion is in enamel?
Seal and monitor clinically and radiographically. ## Footnote Monitoring helps in early detection of progression.
75
What action is required if a lesion extends to dentine?
Place a preventive resin restoration (PRR) if the cavity does not extend to more than one-third of the occlusal surface. ## Footnote If it does extend more, a conventional restoration is necessary.
76
What is the retention rate of composite resin-based sealants after 1 year?
>85% after 1 year. ## Footnote High retention rates indicate effectiveness in preventing caries.
77
What is the retention rate of composite resin-based sealants after 5 years?
>50% after 5 years. ## Footnote Retention tends to decrease over time, necessitating monitoring.
78
What is a disadvantage of GI sealants compared to resin sealants?
GI sealants have poorer retention. ## Footnote This limits their long-term effectiveness in caries prevention.
79
When are GI sealants useful?
For high caries-risk children where adequate isolation for resin-based sealants is not possible. ## Footnote They serve as temporary solutions in challenging conditions.
80
What is the prevalence of intellectual impairment?
3%. ## Footnote This statistic highlights the need for tailored dental care for affected individuals.
81
How is intellectual impairment classified?
* Mild (IQ 50–70) * Severe (IQ <50) ## Footnote Classification helps in understanding the level of support needed.
82
What are some known causes of intellectual impairment?
* Down syndrome * Fragile-X syndrome * Cerebral palsy * Birth anoxia * Meningitis * Rubella * Autism * Microcephaly ## Footnote Identifying causes can inform treatment and management strategies.
83
What is the most common physical impairment seen in children?
Cerebral palsy. ## Footnote This condition affects motor function due to cerebral damage.
84
What can complicate treatment for patients with cerebral palsy?
Increased muscle tone and hyperactive reflexes. ## Footnote These factors require special considerations in dental practice.
85
What percentage of children have medical impairments?
1%. ## Footnote Medical impairments can include heart disease, bleeding disorders, diabetes, or kidney disease.
86
What does DMFT stand for?
Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. ## Footnote DMFT is a common index used to assess dental health.
87
What does dmft stand for?
Decayed, missing, and filled deciduous teeth. ## Footnote This index helps in evaluating the dental health of children.
88
What does deft stand for?
Decayed, exfoliated, and filled deciduous teeth. ## Footnote This index is useful in tracking the oral health status of young children.
89
What does dft stand for?
Decayed and filled deciduous teeth. ## Footnote This measure focuses specifically on decay and restoration in primary teeth.
90
What does DMFS stand for?
Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth. ## Footnote A more detailed index compared to DMFT, focusing on surfaces rather than just teeth.
91
What is the care index in dental health?
Proportion of dmft that has been treated by filling (ft/dmft). ## Footnote This index helps assess the effectiveness of dental care in treating decay.

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