Ductal carcinoma in situ + family testing

Question 1

what is calcification

Answer 1

small specks of calcium salts that form in the breast tissue

Question 2

what is important to rule out when calcification seen on mammogram?

Answer 2

ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 3

what can calcification also be seen with?

Answer 3

benign changes in the breast such as cysts + fibroadenoma

Question 4

what is DCIS

Answer 4

formation of microcalcification in the milk ducts

Question 5

4 steps when investigating with suspicion of DCIS

Answer 5

1 - Mammogram
2 - USS
3 - stereotactic core biopsy
4 - biopsy

Question 6

what is the microcalcification on mammography due to

Answer 6

necrotic cancer cells within the centre of the milk duct

Question 7

management of DCIS

Answer 7

surgery to remove cancer cells to reduce the risk of them spreading and causing invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 8

Sterotactic wire localisation

Answer 8

x ray guided wide local excision of microcalclification with a localisation wire in place

Question 9

mother, father, siblings and children are classes as…

Answer 9

1st degree relatives

Question 10

lifetime risk of breast cancer for females + males

Answer 10

females = 1 in 8 
males = 1 in 870

Question 11

refer to 2ndary care if: 1st degree ____ (3)

Answer 11

• diagnosed with breast ca < 40 years
• male diagnosed at any age
• bilateral breast ca w/ the primary < 50 years

Question 12

location of BRCA1 gene

Answer 12

chromosome 17

Question 13

location of BRCA2 gene

Answer 13

chromosome 13

Question 14

prognosis when prophylactic mastectomy for BRCA gene carrier

Answer 14

reduce risk by 90%

Question 15

inheritance pattern on BRCA1

Answer 15

autosomal dominant

Question 16

what is the % chance of inheriting a mutated gene from a parent who carries the mutated gene

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

what is the screening offered for BRCA1 positive female?

Answer 17

annual MRI
+
annual mammogram from 40 years