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Dermatology > DUMS > Flashcards

DUMS Flashcards

1
Q

Where are melanocytes derived from?

A

Neural crest

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2
Q

What are the three layers of Keratin (corneocytes)?

A

Granular
Prickle
Basal

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3
Q

What are the two types of sweat gland and what are their function?

A 
Apocrine = armpit + groin (androgen dependent)
Eccrine = normal (everywhere else)
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4
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin (for light absorption)

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5
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors in the skin?

A

Merkel cells

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6
Q

What in the skin senses pressure and vibration?

A 
Pressure = Pacinian corpuscules
Vibration = Meissners corpuscules
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7
Q

What type of light is needed for VitD to stimulate Ca absorption from the bowel and mineralisation of bone?

A

UVB (290-320nm)

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8
Q

What is a porphyria?

A 
Inherited genetic condition that causes accumulation of porphyrins in the body (necessary for RBC function)  
Either acute (nervous system) or cutaneous (skin)
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

Burning pain on sun exposure
Blistering on exposed surfaces
Red or brown pee

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10
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

A

Reactivation of Herpes zoster virus (chickenpox/shingles)
Affects facial nerve (facial palsy)
Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat (deafness, vertigo, tinnitus)

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11
Q

What is used to treat herpes?

A

Aciclovir

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12
Q

What type of herpes causes oral lesions?

A

HSV type 1

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13
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Target lesions, usually a drug reaction

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14
Q

How does molluscs contagiosum present?

A

Raised pink lesions with a dimple, usually in children, self-limiting

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15
Q

What strains of HPV (human papilloma virus) cause genital warts or cervical cancer?

A

Genital warts: HPV type 6 and 11

Cervical cancer: HPV types 16 and 18

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16
Q

What is erythema infectiosum?

A

Slapped cheek disease (in kids)
From human parvovirus infection
Rash on face followed by lacy macular rash on body

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17
Q

How does syphillis present and what is the infecting organism?

A

T. palladium (sexually transmitted)

Genital, mouth or skin ulcer (small and painless open sore)

18
Q

What are the phases of synphillis infection?

A
  1. Primary infection: small painless ulcer at site of entry (mouth/genital)
  2. Secondary phase: red rash all over body, snail track ulcers on mucous membranes
  3. Tertiary phase: CNS, CVS involvement
19
Q

What contagious skin condition is associated with care homes and how is it treated?

A

Scabies

Malathion lotion

20
Q

What drug is used to treat staph aureus infection?

A

Flucloxacillin

21
Q

What drug is used to treat tinea infections?

A

Clotrimazole

22
Q

What are the 2 types of necrotising fasciitis?

A

Type I: mixed anaerobes/coliforms (post abdominal surgery)

Type II: group A strep infection (strep pyogenes)

23
Q

What is the order of treatment of psoriasis?

A 
Emollients,
VitD analogues (calcitriol)
Phototherapy
Systemic therapy (methotrexate)
Biologics (...numab)

(not steroids due to rebound flares)

24
Q

What are black and whiteheads called?

A

Blackhead: open comedone
Whitehead: closed comedone

25
Q

What is the order of treatment of acne?

A

Benzoyl peroxide (antibacterial)
Retinoid (adapalene - drying effect)
Isotretin (may cause an initial flare up)

26
Q

What is the treatment of rosacea?

A

Topical metronidazole
Long term: oral tetracycline
(avoid steroids)

27
Q

How do vesicles/bullae appear in pemphigus vs pemphigoid?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris: flaccid, thin roofed (Superficial)

Bullous pemphigoid: large, tense (deep)

28
Q

What is Nikolsys signs and what type of bullous disease expresses it? What occurs in the other?

A

Slight rubbing of the skin causes shedding of the outer layer = Pemphigus
Pemphigoid = erosions (from bursting of blisters)

29
Q

What disease is an ash leaf macule diagnostic of?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

30
Q

What is tuberous sclerosis and how may it present?

A

Genetic mutation causing non-cancerous tumours across many organ systems
Presents with facial angiofibromas or infantile seizures

31
Q

What disease presents with cafe au lait spots? What are the more severe manifestations of this disease?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Learning difficulties, blindness, skeletal disfigurement, may progress to malignancies

32
Q

How does neurofibromatosis type 2 present?

A

Bilateral vestibular schwannomas

33
Q

How does a BCC present?

A

Slow growing lump or non-healing ulcer

34
Q

How does an SCC present?

A

Crusted lump or ulcer on sun damaged skin

Fast growing and may be painful/bleed

35
Q

What are the precursor lesions to SCC?

A

Actinic keratoses

Bowen’s disease (red/brown plaques on lower legs of elderly males)

36
Q

What scale is used to measure the severity of a melanoma? What is the risk <1mm, >4mm?

A

Breslow thickness
<1mm = 95-100% survival
>4mm = 50% survival
(mets = 5% survival)

37
Q

What are the growth phases of a melanoma?

A

Radial growth phase: less invasive

Vertical growth phase: very invasive (risk of mets)

38
Q

What are the different strengths of topical steroid and give an example of each?

A

Mild: Hydrocortisone
Moderate: clobestasone butyrate
Potent: betamethasone valerate
Very potent: clobetasol propionate

39
Q

How does erythema nodosum commonly present?

A

Red tender lumps or nodules on both shins, usually young people (12-20)
Often have flu-like symptoms and aching joints first
Self-resolving within 30 days

40
Q

How does pyoderma gangrenosum commonly present and who gets it?

A

Deep ulcers usually on the legs that become necrotic (after initial small red papule)
Seen with IBD (UC/crohns) and connective tissue disorders

41
Q

What disease is associated with a non-blanching rash?

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Dermatology (10 decks)

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