dums ppt

Question 1

life span of a red blood cell

Answer 1

120 days

Question 2

life span of a neutrophil

Answer 2

7-8 hours

Question 3

life span of a platelet

Answer 3

7-10 days

Question 4

function of neutrophils

Answer 4

acute inflammation

Question 5

what is this

Answer 5

neutrophil

Question 6

what is this

Answer 6

eosinophils

Question 7

function of eosinophils

Answer 7

allergy, parasites

Question 8

what is this

Answer 8

basophil

Question 9

function of basophils

Answer 9

IgE mediated reaction

Question 10

what two types of stem cells does a blood stem cell produce

Answer 10

myeloid and lymphoid

Question 11

what does a myeloid stem cell produce

Answer 11

-myeloblast
-erythrocyte
-megakaryocyte

Question 12

what do myeloblasts produce

Answer 12

granulocytes
-basophil
-eosinophil
-neutrophil

Question 13

what happens in hypoxia

Answer 13

Hypoxia sensed by the kidney, EPO produced by the kidneys, RBC production stimulated, EPO drops, repeat

Question 14

what is the erythron

Answer 14

total mass of circulating RBC’s, their precursors and tissues that produce them

Question 15

what does the spleen do

Answer 15

recycles old cells into iron, bilirubin and amino acids

Question 16

what are the amino acids used for in erythropoiesis

Answer 16

to make globin

Question 17

what does iron do in erythropoiesis

Answer 17

attached to heam

Question 18

where is blood made in a foetus

Answer 18

-yolk sac til week 10
-liver from week 6
-spleen 3rd-7th month
-marrow starts week 16

Question 19

where is blood made at birth

Answer 19

mostly bone marrow
-liver and spleen if needed

Question 20

where is blood made in an adult

Answer 20

bone marrow in axial skeleton

Question 21

what is the active form of marrow and why

Answer 21

red cause it contains blood stem cell whereas yellow is mostly fat

Question 22

what is this

Answer 22

red pulp of spleen

Question 23

what is this

Answer 23

white pulp of slpeenm

Question 24

what is the red pulp in the spleen

Answer 24

-vascular sieve
-phagocytoses old RBC’s and breaks them into iron and bilirubin

Question 25

white pulp in the spleen

Answer 25

immunological -white cells

Question 26

splenomegaly triad of symptoms

Answer 26

-dragging LUQ sensation -discomfort eating -pain

Question 27

causes of increased spleen function

Answer 27

-haemolysis -infection (mono) -autoimmune disease -extramedullary haematopoiesis

Question 28

cause of increased blood flow into the spleen

Answer 28

portal hypertension

Question 29

causes of hyposplenism

Answer 29

-splenectomy -sickle cell disease -coeliac disease -sarcoidosis -iatrogenic

Question 30

what would hyposplenism cause to be seen on a blood film and why

Answer 30

abnormal red cells -vascular sieve is lost

Question 31

blood film after a splenectomy

Answer 31

howell-jolly bodies target cells

Question 32

how long should someone avoid contact sport for after EBV infection

Answer 32

2 months -even if no splenomegaly

Question 33

normal Hb

Answer 33

males >= 130 females >= 120

Question 34

what is haemodilution

Answer 34

false anaemia caused by excess fluids

Question 35

what does haematocrit measure

Answer 35

the proportion of RBCs in blood

Question 36

if someone with anaemia doesn't respond to iron treatment, which type of anaemia do they most likely have

Answer 36

sideroblastic -as this type is an issue with attaching the iron to the haemoglobin not iron production

Question 37

can you give someone who's coeliac and has anaemia iron treatment

Answer 37

no -because the issue is with iron absorption

Question 38

where is iron absorbed

Answer 38

jejunum

Question 39

what is seen on blood films in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 39

-hypochromic cells (pale) -small rbcs -pencil poikilocytes -target cells

Question 40

what happens when iron is reduced in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 40

Question 41

iron/ferritin - low transferrin - low transferrin sats - low/normal

Answer 41

anaemia of chronic disease

Question 42

iron/ferritin - low transferrin - high transferrin sats - low

Answer 42

iron deficiency

Question 43

iron/ferritin - high transferrin - high/normal transferrin sats - high

Answer 43

iron overload

Question 44

why are rbcs big in megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 44

impairment of DNA -precursor cells fail to become smaller -red cells have DNA impairment so increase in apoptosis leading to anaemia

Question 45

where is folate absorbed

Answer 45

duodenum and jejunum

Question 46

examples of increased demand for folate

Answer 46

-pregnancy -haemolysis -malignancy -inflammatory disease

Question 47

what drugs can cause folate deficiency

Answer 47

anti convulsants

Question 48

what happens if you treat folate and B12 is low

Answer 48

will cause subacute degeneration of the spinal cord

Question 49

where is B12 absorbed

Answer 49

terminal ileum

Question 50

which drugs can cause B12 deficiency

Answer 50

PPI

Question 51

when does IF bind to B12 and why

Answer 51

after the ampulla of Vater due to the change in pH brought about by pancreatic secretions

Question 52

how can B12 deficiency cause neurological symptoms

Answer 52

because its involved in the production of the myelin sheath

Question 53

what is the MCV in sickle cell anaemia

Answer 53

normal

Question 54

is there reticulocytosis in sickle cell anaemia

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

how long do sickle red blood cells live

Answer 55

10-12 days -patient is in chronic haemolysis

Question 56

chronic sickle cell anaemia issues

Answer 56

-sequestration in liver/spleen -chronic haemolysis -hyposplenism due to repeated infarcts = increased infection risk

Question 57

what is aplastic anaemia

Answer 57

immune system attacking haemopoietic stem cells in marrow

Question 58

causes of pancytopenia: decreased production

Answer 58

-inherited -acquired 1 marrow failure -acquired 2 marrow failure

Question 59

causes of pancytopenia: increased destruction

Answer 59

hypersplenism -slows transit of cells through spleen = more time to be broken down

Question 60

what is compensated haemolysis

Answer 60

reticulocytosis and maintained Hb

Question 61

what is decompensated haemolysis

Answer 61

present with signs, low Hb

Question 62

what haemopoiesis for ALL

Answer 62

monoclonal

Question 63

Auer rods

Answer 63

AML