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Dvt Flashcards

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1
Q

Bankart lesion

A

Anteroinferior glenolabral avulsion

M c c of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

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2
Q

Hill sachs

A

Posterolateral aspect of head of humerus bony defect

2 nd most common cause of shoulder dislocatuom

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3
Q

Gartland classification

A

Supracondylar fracture humerus
Type 1-hairline fracture with clinicak index of suscpicion
Type 2-incomplete fracture angulation
Type 3- complete fracture completely displaced

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4
Q

Complication of supracondyalat fracture humerus

A

1Malunioun/cubitus varua/gun atocke defirmity

Static and coametic defirmity
2–nerve injury.Most common—anterior interoseous(motor brankch of median nerve) overall
Posterimedial displacement-radial nerve
Posterolateral displacement-anterior interoseous nerve
Nerapraxia
3vascular injury-brachial artery
4– compartmanet syndrome
7 ps-pain,pain on passive stretching of fingers(strtch test),pallor,paralysis,pulselessness,paresthesiaa,pressure increases normal 6-12 doagnostic more than 30
5—volkmqns ischemic contarcture
Sx-maxpage ax on flexors,distal sliding of flexires
6— myositis ossificans
Mc joint elbow
Mc conpartment anterior
Mc muscke brachialis

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5
Q

Fracture later consyle humerus most common complication

A

Lateral bony spir formation

Most common complication requiring rx non union cubitus valgus

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6
Q

Isolated fracture of shaft of ulna

A

Night stick fracture

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7
Q

Fracture of proximal 1/3 of ulna with radial head dislocation

A

Montaggia fracture

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8
Q

Fracture of shaft of radius at jnt of distal 1/3 and middle -1/3 withdiatal radioulnar joint dislocation

A

Gakezzzi fracture

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9
Q

Fracture of shaft of ulna at the jn of middle 1/3 and distal 1/3 with distal radio ulnar dislocation

A

Reverese galeszi

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10
Q

Most common fractures in children

A

Green atick frqcture

Uni cortical

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11
Q

Bartons fracture

A

Fracture of distal end of radius with intraarticular extension
With radioschapoid joint displacement

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12
Q

Intra articular fracture at the distal end of radius presence of prominent radial styloid bony fragment
With radioa achaphoid joint intact

A

Choiffers or huthingaon fracture

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13
Q

Extra articar fracture of diatal end of radius

A

Colles or smith
Dorsal diaplacement colles-dorsifkexed wrist
Volar displacement-smith-palmar flexed wrist
Mcc-fall on outstretched hand

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14
Q

Mc carpel bone fracture

A

Fracture scaphoid
Base of anatomical snuff box
Retrograde blood supply
glass holding cast—-Rx

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15
Q

Most comkon complication of scaphoid fracture

A

Non unioin

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16
Q

Oblique fracture of base of 1 at meta carpel ontrarticulr

A

Bennets fracture

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17
Q

V/t shaped communited fracture base of furst meta caroel intraarticular

A

Rolandos fracture

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18
Q

Wilson fracture

A

Chip fracture of volar end of mid phalanx

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19
Q

Jersy finger which muscletendon

A

Flexir digitorum profundus

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20
Q

Mallet finger /busch fracture

A

Extensir tendon

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21
Q

Skiers thump/game keepers thump

A

Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament is characterised by painful swelling and wekmess when grasping with the thump

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22
Q

Madelungs deformity

A

Growth retardation of ulnar aspect of distal radial physis
Usually bilateral
Females more than males
Sx-darracha oateotomy-excise the prominent part

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23
Q

Haglundsdeformity/bump hump defirmity

A

Posterosuperior retrocalcaneal exoatosis /bony spur

Insertional tendinitis of achilles tendon

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24
Q

Fracture of lateral tibial chondyle

A

Bumpers fracture

Along with tibial spine fracture leading to acl tear called segonds fracture

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25
H shaped fracture in in the sacrum
Jumpers fracture
26
Lovers fracture /don juans fracture
Intraarticular fracture of calcaneum(usually b/l fall from height)
27
Aviators fracture
Fracture of neck of tallus | Mc complication —subtalar arthrits
28
Coronal plane fracture of femoral condyle
Hoffas fracture
29
Potts fracture
Medial malleolar fracture+lateral malleolar fracture
30
Cotton fracture
Medial malleolar farcture+lateral malleolarvfracture+posterior malleolar fracture
31
Hairline fracture of diatal fibula spiral fracture
Runners fracture
32
Hairlaine fracture apiral in children <8 years due to accidental fall
Toddlers fracture
33
Lisfrancks fracture
Fracture of tarsometatarsal joint
34
Choparts fracture
Intertarsal fracture
35
March fracture
Stress fracture of neck of 2 nd mrta tarsal
36
Jones fracture
Fracture in the metaphysiodiaphyseal junction of the ffth matatarsal pf the foot
37
Avilsion fracture of the tuberosity of the 5 th metatarsal involving the articular margin
Peudojones fracture /dankers fracture/tennis fracture | Tendon paroneus brevia
38
Oateochondroma/exostosis
Bony stalk with cartillagenpus stalk from distal femur growing away from the joint involving metaphysis Age<18 yrs
39
Codmans tumour/chondroblastoma
Epiphyseal eccentril more expensile swelling in the distal femur Age<18 yrs Biopsy chicken wire calcification
40
Osteoid osteoma
``` Central radiolicent nidus Incresed pgs diameter <2 cm-osteoid Peripheral reactive sckerotic rim-osteoma Common in 2 and 3 decade Male more than female In femur distal ```
41
Osteosarcoma
Periostel reaction along sharpers fibers (aun rqy /burst appearance) Mc site of metastais lungs Bone bone metastasis also seen
42
Gct/osteoclastomq
``` Epiphyseo metaphyseal lesion Eccentrically located expansile Soap bubble appearanance Age 20-40 yrs Female >male ```
43
Aneurysmal bone cyst
``` Metaphyseal abutting physia Age <= 18 yrs Female> male Eccentric more expansioe Blood filled sinusoids with septae in bw ```
44
Enchondroma
``` Most vommon benign tumour of hand bones Hand>feet Phalanges>metacarpels Cortical thinning Specks of calcification ```
45
Steps of fracture healing
Fracture hematoma<7 days Inflammation-2-3 weeks Soft callus -3 rd callus/frst radiological sign of fracture helaing Woven bone/hard callus—4-6 weeks-frst clinical sign of fracture union Remodelling 2-3 yrs
46
Most common site of non union
Fracture distal third of tibia
47
Most common cause of non union
Inadequate immobilization
48
First radiologicagal stage of union
Soft callus at 3 rd week
49
Frat clinical stage of union
Woven bone 4-6 week
50
Most metabolically active layer in a long bne
Endosteum
51
Frst long bone to start ossifying
Clvicle 5 th week iul
52
Second bone to ossify
Manndible by intramembraneois ossification
53
Moat pain sensitive structure in joint
Capsule
54
Least pain sensitive structure in joint
Articular cartillage | Avascular aneural alymphatic devoid of perichondrium
55
Menisci made up of
Type 1 collagen | C shaped fibro cartillagenous structure
56
Thomson splint
Used for fracture of shaft of femur | Tb knee
57
Aeroplane splint
Brachial plexus palsy
58
Hand shake cast
Colles fracture | Thump free
59
Glass holding cast
Fracture scaphoid | Thump enclosed
60
Tension band wiring
Converts tensile/shearing force into compression forces Fracture olecranon fracture patella
61
Oateogenesis imperfecta
Type 1 collagen ds Diaphyseal fracture ,different stages of healing,deformities Glycine is substituted
62
Blade of grass sign/flame sign/advancing wedge sign
Pagets ds of bone Asymptonamtic mincidinatal dx Alp 8-10 elevated
63
Brim sign
Thick sckerotic ileopectineal line
64
Rugger jersy spine
Osteopetrosis | Renal osteodystrophy
65
Fish mouth spine/biconcave cod fish spine
Oateomalcia>osteoporosis
66
Osgood schlatferrs disese
Traction oateochondritis of tibial tuberosity
67
Sprenkels deformity
``` Klippel fiel syndrome Elveated scapula Short webbed neck Scoliotic changes Low posterior hair line Bony fision of cervical vertebraae ```
68
Ctev/club foot
Cavus Adduction Inversion Equinus
69
Principle primary bone pthology in ctev
Talus
70
Principle primary joint pathology in ctev
Talonavicular joint
71
Principle primary tendon pathology
Tendoachillis-equinus | Tibialis posterior-varua
72
Most common joint in oateoarthritis
Knee Bone patella Bone compartment-medial Muscle-vastia medialis oblique
73
First x ray sign of osteoarthritia
Assymetric decrease in joint space
74
First xray sign in potts spine
Reduction in intervertibral disc space
75
First xray sogn in osteomalyltis
Aoft tussue lucency | Classical(periosteal reaction)
76
First x ray sign of tb hip
Juxta articular osteopenia
77
Most common cause of genu varus
Rickets>idiopathic
78
Most comkon cause of genu valgus
Idiopathic>rickets
79
Most common cause of wind swept deformity
Rickets
80
Chance fracture/seat belt injury/jack knife injury
``` Hyperflexion injury Lap belt injury Transverse fracture through vb 50% a/w intraabdominal organ injuries Posterior column disruption ```
81
Avulaion fraction of spinous process of c7 vertebrae
Clay shawellers fracture
82
Spondylolysis
Fractue of pedicle of c2
83
Burst fracture of ring of c1 vertebrae
Jeffersons fracture
84
Dead radio dense necrotic metreial
Sequestrum
85
Cloaca
Holes in the involucrum
86
Para discal tb most common lesion
Potta paraplegia
87
Least common type of tb
Posterior tb | Least common structure:facet>spinous process
88
Phalanes test
Carpel tunnel syndromw | Median nerve emtrapment
89
Durkan test
Direct infection of median nerve in carpel tunnel
90
Codmans drop arm test
Supraspinatua
91
Enpty can aign
Supraspinatua
92
Adsons test
Thorqcic outlet syndrome
93
Finkelsteins test
De quervains tenosynovitis(apl+epb)
94
Cozens test
Tennis elbow
95
Pen test
Abductor pollicis muscles aupplyed byvmedian nerve
96
Formnta aign /book teat
Adductor pollicie ulnqr nervw
97
Card test
Palmar interossei ulnar nerv adduction
98
Egawa
Abduction of fingers | Dorsal interossei un
99
Galeazzis teat /allis sogn
Shortening of leg (DDH)
100
Telescopy
DDH
101
Anterior drwers test
ACL tear
102
Lachman test
Knee 30 degree flexion | Test of choice for acute cl tear
103
Apleys grinding test prone position
Meniscal tear
104
Cyclops leaion
Fibrous formation when poaterior acl reconstruction Along anterior compartment(anterior arthrofibrosis) Rare, delayed complication Ioc_MRI Ex excision of fibrous tissue
105
Patellar clunk syndromw
Fibrous tissue formation post tkr Along posterior surface of quadruceps insertion on superior pole of patella Rare ,delayed,ioc_MRi Rx__excision of fibrous tissues
106
Patrick test/faber teat/figure of 4 test
Unilateral saccroilitis
107
Gaenselns test
B/l sacroilitis
108
Obers test
Only test done in lateral position | Iliotibial band contracture
109
Thomas test
Acess the flexion defirmity of hip
110
Gallows traction
Age <2 yrs Wt<10 kgs Fracture shaft of femur
111
Stein man pen
4_6 mm diameter Solid One pointed end and one solid end
112
Derhams pin
With ce tral grooves | Cancellous bones of calcaneum
113
K wire
2 mm diameter Sid implant bith sides pointed Kirchner Martin
114
Intramedukkary nail
Clive leaf shaped cross section How nail Discovered by gerhardt kunschner Fracture shaft of femur and tibia
115
Rush nail
One end curved other pointed | Fracture of ulna and radius
116
Chisel
One edge bevelled | Used to chip the bone
117
Osteotone
Both edges bevelled | Used to cut or divide bone
118
Ortolanis test
Pull and abduct | Dislocated hip
119
Barlows
Push sand adduction | Can tell Dislocation or may be dislocated
120
Mc murrays test
Knee in hyper flexion we try to make in extension
121
Osteoporosis
``` Pain eraliest symptoms Fracture later Lab findings are normal Dx bone mineral density T score Doc-bisphosphonates prolonged use leads to sub trochantric fracture(occurs kn lateral side of bone) ```
122
Pagets ds/osteitis deformans
``` M>f Mc cause idiopathic Sqtmi gene mutation Paramyxovirus Mc bone involived pelvis > tibia Mc clinicil symptoms pain ``` ``` Stages 1.lytic 2.mixed. 3.blastic Lab ca po4 normal ALP 5-10 times raised thn normal IOC biopsy mosaic pattern ```
123
Radiological findings in pagests ds
``` Osteoporosis corcumscripta -lytic stage Corton wool skull-mixed Blade of grass Picture frame vertebrae-mixed Ivory vertebrae -mixed Tamo shanter skull -blastic stage ```
124
Complication of pagests ds
Banana fracture Cranial nerve compression 2,5,7,8 Can transform to osteosarcoma High output cardiac failure mcc of death
125
Treatment for pagets ds
Bisphosphonates long actingzolendronate(doc) | Calcitonin for pain
126
Fracture woth best prognonsis in salter haris classification
Type 1
127
Salter Haris classifications
Worst prognosistype 5 | Most common type 2
128
Mc fracture in children
Green stcku fracture of radius
129
Bones with AVN tendency
Head of femur Proximal pole of scaphoid Body of talus
130
Ioc for AVN
MRI
131
Causes of pseudo arthrosiis
Idiopathic Neglected non union Neurofibromatosis Congenital pseudo arthrisis of tibia
132
Mc organism involved in open fracture
Staph aureus
133
Open fracture classification
Gustilo anderson 1.2.3a-treated as closed fracture 3a,b,c may require external fixation Golden period of wound <6 hrs treated as closed fracture
134
Trauma scores
1.Mess(mangled extremity severity score)> 7 Velocity of injury,ischrmia,shock,age of pt(VISA) —not salvagable 2. limb salvagable index 3. ganga score
135
Shin splits
Medial periostitis of tibia Medial tibial stress syndrome Anterimedial aspect of leg
136
Judet view
Acetabular fracture
137
Merchant view akyline view ain set sun tise
Patello femoral joint
138
Broden view
Calcaneal fracture
139
Canale view
Talus
140
Mortise
Ankle
141
Von rossen
DDH
142
Impingemnwt syndrome/pain ful arc syndrom/subacromial bursitis
Defect in mid abduction of ahoulder 60-120 degreee Impingemnwt of soft tiaaue mainly supraspinatous tendon Calcification Subacromial bursitis Abnormally shaped acromion
143
Clinical test for shoulder dialocation
Hamiltons ruler ttest Dugas test Call aways test Bryants test
144
Maneuver for ahoukder reduction
Modifed kochers maneuver | TEAM traction external totation adduction medial rotation
145
Posterior shoulder dialocation
Adduction internal rotation Mechanism of injury high electric shock ect seizure Mc injured nerve axillary nerve Xray findings light bulb orempty glenoid signs
146
Test for anterior instability shoulder
Fulcrum Crankck Apprehension test
147
Test for posterior instability of shoulder
Jerks test
148
Test for inferior instability
Sulcus teat
149
Mc c of conpartment syndrome
Tibial fracture
150
Mcc of compartment syndrome in children
Supracondylar fracture
151
Mc mechanism of spine injury
Flexion + distraction
152
Worst mechanism of spine injury
Translation
153
Mc spinal column fracture
Thoracic(lower)
154
Mc site of spinal cord injury
Cervical (lower)
155
Mc site of spine dislocation
Cervical spine dislocation without fracture
156
Mc site of skull fracture
Temporal bone
157
Mc site of facial bone fracture
Nasal bone
158
Mc site of mandible fracture
Neck of condyle
159
In spinal cord injury last reflex to disappear and first reflex to rvert
Bulbocavernous reflex(s2s3s4 with in 24-48 hrs)
160
Jefferson fracture
``` Most common fracture of c1 vertebrae Mechanism compression/axial forces No neurological deficit Conservative mx Fusion sx if unstable fracture or neurological deficits ```
161
Hangmans fracture
Fracture and dislocation of c2 vertebrae over c3 Spondylisis of C2 Spondylilsthesis of c2 over c3
162
Mc fracture of c2 vertebrae
Odontoid fracture
163
Clay shovelers fracture
Avulsion fracture of spinous process usually ofC7>T1
164
Chance fracture
lumbar>lower thoracic fracture A/k/a seat belt fracture or jack knife fracture May or may not have ingra abdominal injury Mechanism flexion+distraction
165
Chance fracture
Lumbar>lower thoracic fractures Aka seatbelt fract or jack knife fracture May or may not have intara abdominal injuries Mechanism flexion+distraction
166
IVDP
``` Most common—-L4-L5>L5-S1>C5-C6>C6C7 Types Central-cauda equina syndrome Paracental most common lower level nerve root involved For lateral upper nerve root involved IOC MRI ```
167
Cauda equina syndrome
Emergency operate with in 6 hrs
168
Spondylolithesis
Slipping of one vertebrae over other | Most commonL5-S1>L4L5
169
Xray finding spondylolithesis | Oblique view best
Beheaded scotty dog sign Normal spine-scotty dog sign Spondylolysiss-scotty dog with a collor sign
170
Spondyloptosis
Slipped vertebrae come infront of vertebrae below it | Ap view shows inverted napeolean hat sign
171
Cobs angle
Measure degree of scoliosis
172
Braces for scoliosis
Milwakee braces/boaton braces
173
Golfers elbow or swimmers elbow
Medial epicondylitis Common flexor origin Reverese cozen test
174
Dequerviens tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis of abdutor pollisic longus extensor poliivus brevis Test finkelstein test
175
Triger finger
Swelling of flexor digitorum profundus tendon swelling Mc finger ring finger Mc cause is trauma
176
Gout
Deposition of monosodium urate Crystal's Mc joint involved__1 metatarso phalangeal joint Xrat__martel sign or g sign over hangingin sign of bone Ioc__joint aspirations and analysis
177
Epphyseal lesions
Gct after maturity | Chondroblastoma before maturity
178
Pulsatile bone tumors
``` Osteosarcoma Aneurysmal bone cyst Giant cell tumour Mets from kidaney Mets from thyroid ```
179
Polyostotic lesions
Fibrous dysplasia Gct Enchondroma Osteochondroma
180
Fibrous displsia
Mc site proximal femur Xray rind sign shepherd crook deformity Histopathology Chinese letter pattern
181
Mc cune albright syndrome
Polgostotic fibrous dysplasia prcorciuos puberty and pigmentation cafe lait spots
182
Mazabraud syndrome
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia + muscular myxoma
183
Simple bone cyst
``` Benign unilicular metaphysical Proximal humerus Clear or straw coloured fluid Ex aspiration Curettage +AB Xray Trap door sign Fallen leaf sign ```
184
Aneurysmal bone cyst
``` Benign mutiloculated Proximatibia >femur Blood Rx Extended curettage Embolization pelvis ```
185
Most common malignant bone tumour
Metastsis
186
Most vommon primary malignant bone tumour
Mutiple myeloma>osteosarcoma
187
Moat common primary non hematological maligannat bone tumou
Osteosarcoma >>chondrosarcoma
188
Mc benign bone tumour
Osteochondroma
189
Most common true benign bone tumour
Osteoid osteoma

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