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Y10 end of year Geography > dynamic development > Flashcards

dynamic development Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q
  1. What does AC/EDC/LIDC stand for and give an example of each.
A

AC - Advanced Country - UK/USA/Germany

EDC - Emerging and developing countries - India, China, (BRICS)

LIDC - Low Income developing countries - Zambia

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2
Q
  1. Define Economic Development, Social Development and Sustainable Development
A

Economic - Increase in the total goods and services a country produces.
Social - improvement in human welfare
Sustainable - Economic, social, environmental development to meet people’s needs now without compromising future generations needs.

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3
Q
  1. Define the term infant mortality rate?
A

Children dying under the age of 1 per 1000 per year.

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4
Q
  1. Define the term literacy rate?
A

The % of people that can read or write age 15 or over

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5
Q

GNI

A

Gross National Income - The total amount of money earned by a nations people and businesses (wealth of a country)

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6
Q
  1. What does HDI stand for and what two types of development does it measure?
A

Human Development Index - social and economic development

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7
Q

Development measures

A

Birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, people per doctor, access to clean drinking water

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8
Q
  1. What are the human and physical factors that influence uneven development?
A

Population - often the larger the population the easier it is to develop
Climate - warm, moist climate good for growing crops and people to live
Land - flat, fertile land for crops and building cities
Natural resources - abundant minerals (coal, oil) that can be traded

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9
Q
  1. Why does the world trade set up make it hard for LIDCs to break out of poverty?
A

AC’s buy raw materials (commodities) from LIDCs and process it themselves, generating large profits. However they stop LIDCs from doing this by putting tariffs on processed goods sold into ACs so there is little point in LIDCs processing their goods.

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10
Q
  1. Why does debt make it hard for LIDCs to break out of poverty?
A

When LIDCs are in debt they are paying back large amounts of interest to AC banks. If this debt is cancelled they have more money to spend on health and education.

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11
Q
  1. Why does political unrest make it hard for countries to break out of poverty?
A

The worst political unrest is civil war - like in Syria. It sets back development by displacing people, disrupting services and the production of food and goods.

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12
Q
  1. Explain why Zambia being landlocked has affected its development.
A

Zambia does not have any ports with the open sea so it has to pay to transport it long distances across other countries then pay to use other countries ports.

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13
Q
  1. Where do most people live in Zambia and who controlled it until 1964?
A

Most people in Zambia still live in the countryside as they are farmers - and the British controlled it as part of the British Empire until 1964.

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14
Q
  1. Explain if Rostow’s model of development is accurate for Zambia.
A

Rostow’s model is linear and says that countries go through 5 stages of development. But the model was based on ACs like the USA and Zambia’s development has been more of a zig zag than a straight line.

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15
Q
  1. What are the 8 millennium goals?
A

1- Halve extreme poverty and hunger
2- Primary education everywhere
3- Gender equality and empower women
4- Reduce child mortality
5- Improve maternal health
6- Combat HIV/AIDS
7- Environmental sustainability
6- Combat HIV/AIDS

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16
Q
  1. Which millennium goals has Zambia managed to achieve?
A

1- Most children attend primary school
2- There is gender equality in primary education
3- HIV/AIDS numbers have fallen
4- Zambia has obtained debt relief

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17
Q
  1. What does FDI stand for and what is it?
Study These Flashcards
A

Foreign Direct Investment - When companies or governments spend their money in a different country in order to increase their profits there. (E.G. roads, dams, factories)

18
Q
  1. What 4 main industries can TNCs invest in, in Zambia?
Study These Flashcards
A

Mining (copper) Tourism (Victoria Falls) Agriculture (Sugar) Manufacturing

19
Q
  1. How many Chinese companies invest in Zambia?
20
Q
  1. Name the copper mining TNC we studied in Zambia.
Study These Flashcards
A

China Non-Ferrous Metals Corporation

21
Q
  1. Name the copper mine it owns.
22
Q

What are the problems with all exports in one thing?

Study These Flashcards
A

70% - When copper prices fall the country loses significant amounts of GNI - this affects the amount of money spent on education and health.

23
Q
  1. What is the TAZARA/TanZam railway?
Study These Flashcards
A

A 1850km railway from the copperbelt in Zambia to the port of Dar es Salam in Tanzania. Helps Zambia to export copper as it is landlocked.

24
Q
  1. What is the name of the TNC that bought Zambia sugar?
Study These Flashcards
A

Associated British Foods - ABF

25
26. Name 3 benefits for Zambia this TNC brings
* Jobs - ABF employs 7,200 directly and 4,800 indirectly * The company and workers pay taxes - this can be spent on health, education and infrastructure * FDI by ABF helps the country to exploit its natural resources
26
27. Name 3 problems for Zambia this TNC brings
* ABF puts its profit above the interests of the workers - so they are exploited - paid low wages * ABF pays almost no tax in Zambia - due to tax incentives and moving its profit to other countries (Mauritius) * There is environmental pollution as the environmental laws are lax
27
28. Name 2 types of aid.
Official development aid (ODA) - Multilateral aid and bi lateral aid Voluntary aid - Short term emergency relief aid and Long term development aid
28
29. Name the British water charity we studied in Zambia - say what it does and why it is needed.
WaterAid Supplies low cost water pumps and toilets that communities can easily maintain. In one year WaterAid provided 54,000 people with safe water and 42,000 people with toilets. - 5.2 million people don’t have access to safe water - 8 million don’t have access to proper sanitation
29
30. Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of aid.
- Aid rebalances global inequality - It is a repayment of the benefits ACs got from colonialism - It discourages people from trying to look after themselves - Governments might be corrupt
30
31. What is debt relief and why has it been so good for Zambia?
In 2006 the IMF wiped out $6.5 billion debt - this meant they could increase spending on health and education. It reduced school fees and increased primary school enrolment. Could also afford to buy new drugs to combat HIV/AIDS.
31
32. Define top-down development
Strategies funded and carried out by governments or TNCs - Large scale, expensive.
32
33. What is your example of top-down development in Zambia?
The Kariba Dam - for hydroelectricity.
33
34. Describe the location of the dam in Zambia.
It is in the south of the Zambia, on the border with Zimbabwe, south of Lusaka the capital city.
34
35. Explain 2 advantages of building the Kariba dam.
- The hydro electricity helps to power industries around Zambia like the copper industry and helps power the capital city Lusaka. - It is a renewable energy - clean with no CO2 pollution - New industries such as tourism and fishing are flourishing around Lake Kariba
35
36. Explain 2 disadvantages of the Kariba dam project.
- 57,000 Tonga people had to be moved from their land to flood the Zambezi valley - There is now no natural flooding downstream leading to loss of farmland and ecosystems - Communities north and south of Lke Kariba are cut off from each other
36
What is bottom up development
Small scale, local development strategies carried out by NGOs for local communities.
37
38. What is your example of bottom-up development in Zambia?
Room to Read
38
39. Name two of this NGOs aims
- Increase the years of schooling for girls - Increase girls’ self awareness and life skills - increase girl friendliness of school environments - increase family, peer and community support for girls’ education
39
40. Why does Zambia need better literacy for girls? How will this help the country to develop?
- Higher dropout rate for girls from school - Girls are expected to take responsibility for chores and childcare at home - Parents do not value education for girls in the same way they do for boys - Girls are sometimes pushed into early marriage
40
Bonus Q - Why are both top-down and bottom-up development needed?
Both do different things. Top-down projects require lots of money which NGOs don’t have but they don’t help communities at a local level. Bottom up development helps local communities but can’t help with expensive national projects.

Y10 end of year Geography (2 decks)

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