🧪 Dynamic Earth 🌐

Question 1

Define Fossil

Answer 1

Any evidence of once-living organisms from the distance past.

Question 2

Define Crust

Answer 2

Solid, outermost layer of Earth chemically distinct from the layer below.

Question 3

Define Mantle

Answer 3

Plastic layer of Earth below crust that comprises silicates.

Question 4

Define Lithosphere

Answer 4

Solid, outer layer of the Earth consisting of crust and upper mantle.

Question 5

Define Asthenosphere

Answer 5

Thin semi-fluid layer under lithosphere and part of mantle.

Question 6

Define Magma

Answer 6

Molten rock under the Earth’s surface.

Question 7

Define Plate divergence

Answer 7

A plate boundary where the two tectonic plates are moving apart.

Question 8

Define Plate convergence

Answer 8

A plate boundary where the two tectonic plates are moving towards each other.

Question 9

Define Plate translation

Answer 9

A plate boundary where the two tectonic plates are sliding past each other.

Question 10

Define Earthquake

Answer 10

A sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth due to the release of energy stored in rocks.

Question 11

Define Focus

Answer 11

The point of origin for the energy released from an earthquake.

Question 12

Define Epicentre

Answer 12

The point on the Earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 13

Define Volcano

Answer 13

Mountain from which lava and hot gases have erupted.

Question 14

Define Lava

Answer 14

Molten rock that has emerged from the inside of the Earth.

Question 15

Outline Wegener’s theory of continental drift:

Question 16

Identify the continent Australia was part of 140 million
years ago:

Question 17

Explain how the distribution of fossils and rock types
supports the theory of continental drift:

Question 18

Describe the structure and composition of the Earth: (Layers in order)

Question 19

Define the outer core:

Question 20

Define the Inner core:

Question 21

Outline the theory of plate tectonics:

Question 22

Outline evidence for the theory of plate tectonics:

Question 23

Describe the processes associated with the movement of tectonic plates:

Question 24

Distinguish the differences and similarities between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere:

Question 25

Describe how convection currents keep the magma moving:

Question 26

Distinguish between plate divergence, plate convergence and plate translation/transform:

Question 27

Outline how plate tectonics explains earthquakes, volcanic activity and formation of new landforms:

Question 28

Describe the factors that trigger an earthquake, relating it to the theory of plate tectonics:

Question 29

Outline the cause of earthquakes:

Question 30

Describe the process leading to the formation of a volcano:

Question 31

Distinguish between magma and lava:

Question 32

Identify the rock types around a volcano; sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic:

Question 33

Use the rock cycle to explain the geological processes that leads to the formation of different types of rocks, e.g. temperature, pressure, erosion, weathering and deposition:

Question 34

T or F = The law of superposition allows the relative ageing of rocks.

Answer 34

True :)!!!

Question 35

Describe four secondary dangers from a volcanic eruption:

Question 36

Outline what the ring of fire is:

Question 37

Explain how a volcanic island can form:

Question 38

Distinguish between dormant and extinct volcanoes: