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HIGHER PHYSICS > Dynamic Universe UNIT 1 > Flashcards

Dynamic Universe UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is momentum a vector or scalar

A

Vector

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2
Q

3 types of momentum

A

Collide and split
Collide and lock
Explosion

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3
Q

Total momentum before =

A

Total momentum after in the absent of External forces

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4
Q

Formulas for momentum

A

M1U1 + M2U2 = M1V1 + M2V2
M1U1 + M2U2 = (M1+M2) V
M1U1 +m2 (-u2) =m1 (-v1)+m2v2

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5
Q

If kinetic energy is not conserved then its

A

Inelastic

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6
Q

Is energy is conserved then its

A

Elastic

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7
Q

Equation of instantaneous speed

A

Length of card ÷ time through gate

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8
Q

Negative acceleration is

A

Deceleration

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9
Q

On a velocity time graph the acceleration is

A

The gradient of the graph

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10
Q

On a velocity time graph the distance is

A

The area under the graph

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11
Q

Definition of vector

A

Both magnitude and direction

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12
Q

What’s a scalar

A

By magnitude

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13
Q

The gradient of displacement time graph

A

Is velocity

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14
Q

Area under acceleration time graph provides

A

Velocity

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15
Q

Ares underneath velocity time graoh provides

A

Displacement

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16
Q

Area under acceleration time graph provides

A

Velocity

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17
Q

When figuring out what equation to use for the equation of motion questions

A

SUVAT

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18
Q

We can only use Suvat when the acceleration is

A

Uniform (constant)

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19
Q

What is a friction compensated slope

A

It means that the slope is at a perfect angle that the forward force is equal to the frictional force

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20
Q

What is acceleration due to gravity

A

-9.8m/s

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21
Q

3 types of uncertainties

A

Systematic
Random
Reading

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22
Q

What is a systemic error

A

When all the measurements are off by the same amount

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23
Q

How to calculate a reading uncertainty

A

Using the half the smallest division of the measurements ypu are using.

Then turn it into a percentage

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24
Q

Newtons frist law

A

An object remains at rest or a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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25
Q

Newtons second law

A

An object will accelerate in the direction the unbalanced force is applied q

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26
Q

Newtons 3rd law

A

Every action has an eaqul and opposite reaction

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27
Q

1 Newton

A

The force that will accelerate a mass 1kg at 1ms-1

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28
Q

What is friction

A

A force that opposes motion

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29
Q

Explain terminal velocity

A

Initially the object in free-fall would be accelerating due to gravity. And the weight is much greater than the air resistance. So the forces are unbalanced.
As the velocity is increasing that air resistance also increases making the acceleration decrease.
Eventually the object reaches maximum velocity and the forces become equal.

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30
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

When an object is in free fall and reaches maximum velocity

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31
Q

What is the acceleration at terminal velocity

A

0

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32
Q

Two ways to workout the unbalanced force

A

F=ma
Force unbalanced = thrust-weight

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33
Q

Resolving forces vertically

A

R-W = ma

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34
Q

Formula for tension

A

Unbalanced force = tension - friction

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35
Q

When tension is greater then frictional forces

A

It will accelerate and increase in velocity

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36
Q

When two objects are in contact both pull and pushes they always have the same

A

Acceleration

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37
Q

Forces on a lift accelerating up

A

The tension force must be greater then the weight as it is moving upwards against gravity

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38
Q

Forces on a lift accelerating down

A

The tension is smaller then the weight because the lfit is moving down with gravity

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39
Q

Forces on a lift decelerating down wards

A

Weight is greater then tension

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40
Q

Forces in a lift delecelerting downwards

A

Tension is greater then weight

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41
Q

What happens to the horizontal force and vertical when the angle is increased

A

The horizontal forces will be smaller
The vertical force will be greater

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42
Q

Travelling down the slope

A

Mgsin0

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43
Q

When forces acting down a slope if friction is less than mgsin0 the sledge will

A

Accelerate

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44
Q

When forces acting down a slope If friction is balanced then

A

The sledge will move at a constant speed

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45
Q

Forces acting down a slope if friction is greater then

A

The sledge is deaccelerating

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46
Q

Force acting down on a slope

A

Mgsin0

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47
Q

Force perpendicular to the slope

A

Mgcos0

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48
Q

What is a projectile

A

Any object that has been thrown and is under the influence of a gravitational field

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49
Q

What are the forces acting on a projectile

A

It’s weight acting vertically downwards

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50
Q

Horizontal projectiles

A

Constant velocity
No forces
V=d/t

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51
Q

Vertical projectiles

A

Constant downwards accerlatration
SUVAT ONLY

52
Q

What are horizontal and vertical motions linked byv

A

Time

53
Q

Is travelling up positive or negative

A

Positive

54
Q

Is travelling down positive or negative

A

Negative

55
Q

For projectiles at an angle horizontal velocity can be found using

A

Vh=Vcos 0

56
Q

For projectiles at an angle how to you work out the vertical velocity

A

Vv=Vsin0

57
Q

What is work done

A

It is the engery transferred when sn object moves a distance

58
Q

What is power

A

Energy transferred per second

59
Q

For a collide and split what equation is used

A

M1u1 +m2u2 = m1v1 +m2v2

60
Q

What equation is used for collide and lock

A

M1u1 + m2u2 =(m1 +m2)v

61
Q

What is the units of impulse

A

Ns

62
Q

Impulse =

A

Change in momentum

63
Q

What happens on a force time graph when a softer material is used

A

The time of impact is longer since the object can mould to the object, this means the force will be less over a longer time

64
Q

Is engery conserved in an explosion

A

Nob

65
Q

Is the knetic engery conserved in a collide and lock

A

No

66
Q

Is engery conserved in collide and split

A

Yes

67
Q

What shows a systematic uncertainty

A

The line if best fit doesn’t go through the orgin

68
Q

Definition of an elastic

A

If the knetic engery before is the same as the knetic engery after

69
Q

Definition of inelastic

A

Engery is greater before then afterv

70
Q

What’s the vertical velocity when it reaches its maximum height

A

Zero ms-1

71
Q

What’d a gravitational force feild

A

When an object will feel a force due to gravity in a region in space

72
Q

What’s displacement

A

The shortest distance between the starting point and finishing point of a
journey,

73
Q

Speed

A

The distance travelled per unit time.

74
Q

velocity

A

displacement per unit time

75
Q

acceleration

A

The change in velocity per unit time

76
Q

deacceleration

A

negative acceleration which indicates that an object is slowing down.

77
Q

friction

A

opposes the motion of an object

78
Q

what is drag

A

a force which oppose the motion of an object

79
Q

Tension

A

The pulling force on a bar, string, rope, cable or chain.

80
Q

Mass

A

quantity of particles that make up an object

81
Q

weight

A

force due to gravity acting and object

82
Q

work done

A

force applied to move an object a certain
distance.

83
Q

whatis impulse

A

Impulse is equal to the change of momentum

84
Q

what is the doppler effect

A

the apparent change in frequency as the source moves relative to an obsever

85
Q

curing the doppler effect when the sound is travelling towards them the sound is?

A

negative

86
Q

during the doppler effect when the sound is travelling
away from them the sound is?

A

positive

87
Q

When a source is moving away from you

A

The wavelength is increased for thr light is red shifted

88
Q

When the source is moving towards ypu then

A

The wavelength is decreased making it blue shift

89
Q

When working out the time in a projectile you uses

A

The initial vertical velocity

90
Q

Special relativity can only happen is the velocity is

A

Constant

91
Q

What r the two postulates for special relativity

A

The laws of physics are the same in any frame of reference.
The speed if light is constant.

92
Q

What Is t’

A

The time observed by the stationary observer

93
Q

What is t

A

It is poper time and is the time experienced by the moving objects

94
Q

The closer you get to the speed of light the greater the

A

Time dilation

95
Q

When an object is moving close to the speed of light what happens to the object

A

The object contracts

96
Q

In what direction do you contract when trialing at the speed of light

A

In the direction of motion

97
Q

L’

A

The length measured from observer

98
Q

L

A

Porper length moving

99
Q

What is dark matter

A

Rotation of stars within the galaxy are rotating faster than expected by the mass calculated, this must be due to an undetected mass repsent

100
Q

Dark engery

A

The universe is expanding more quickly than expected. Objects moving away are accuratrating due to an unbalanced Frocester acting against energy

101
Q

The further the object

A

The greater the receding velocity

102
Q

Hubles law allows us to calculate what

A

Rhe age of the universe

103
Q

2 peices of evidence that support the big bang theory

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation
And hubbles law

104
Q

Explain why lines on 2 different spectrums are different for the same emisson

A

Is has been red or blue shifted

105
Q

Two facts about black

A

Best absorber of heat
And best radiator of heat

106
Q

What effects the radiation embitted by blackbody

A

Temperature

107
Q

Basic rules for blackbody radiation

A

The greater the temperature the shorter the peak wavelength

The greater the temperature the greater the power

108
Q

Why did stars emitte different colours

A

Difference in surface temperature of the stars

109
Q

What is a blackbody emitter

A

Is a source that only emits radiation due to its own properties
It does not reflect radiation from its surroundings

110
Q

What’s an example of a blackbody

A

Stars

111
Q

Why do larger stars glow more brightly ?

A

The power radiated by an object also depends on it’d surface area. The greater the surface area thr greater the radiated power. So larger stars glow more brightly as they have a larger surface area

112
Q

What is the luminosity

A

The power if the star
Thr total energy given out per second by a star

113
Q

Is a star is blue

A

The star has a higher temperature and is a younger star.

114
Q

What is a starc

A

Is the fusing of hydrogen atoms to produce helim

115
Q

High mass star

A

Will go on it make a black hole or a neutron star

116
Q

If a star has a low mass it will become a

A

White dwarf

117
Q

Explain the life time of a star

A

It starts with nuclear fusion. Once the star starts to run out of hydrogen at its core it begins to burn the helium. And form heavier elements. The star begins to cool but also grow in size. Then is splits off depending on their mass

118
Q

What is olbers paradox

A

If the universe was infinite then you should be able to look anywhere and see a star but since there is gaps in the sky. An expanding universe explains that stars are red shifted so their light will no longer to visible

119
Q

What is the after glow big bag

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

120
Q

Impulse unitsb

A

Ns

121
Q

Explain why the dark lines on the spectrum of sunlight produced

A

Photons of particular frequencies are absorbed in the sun atmosphere

122
Q

What happens to the velocity and energy when you increase the angle

A

The velocity will be less so the engery will be less

123
Q

When explaining the doppler effect

A

Talk about how close or far apart the wavefront are

124
Q

True or false does stellar object admit over s wide range of frequencies

A

True

125
Q

Hotter objects emits more

A

Radiation per unit square area then colder objects

126
Q

Descrube the method for the rod experiment using a Stopwatch

A

Measure the total time over a number of swings divide total time by the number of swings

HIGHER PHYSICS (5 decks)

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