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Physics > Dynamics and Space > Flashcards

Dynamics and Space Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

vector or scalar?

distance

A

scalar

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2
Q

vector or scalar?

displacement

A

vector

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3
Q

vector or scalar?

speed

A

scalar

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4
Q

vector or scalar?

velocity

A

vector

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5
Q

vector or scalar?

time

A

scalar

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6
Q

vector or scalar?

force

A

vector

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7
Q

vector or scalar?

temperature

A

scalar

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8
Q

vector or scalar?

acceleration

A

vector

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9
Q

vector or scalar?

energy

A

scalar

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10
Q

vector or scalar?

weight

A

vector

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11
Q

vector or scalar?

power

A

scalar

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12
Q

vector or scalar?

gravitational field strength

A

vector

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13
Q

vector or scalar?

height

A

scalar

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14
Q

vector

A

quantity with a magnitude and a direction

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15
Q

scalar

A

quantity with a magnitude only (no direction)

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16
Q

distance (d)

A

path length of a journey measured in metres m

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17
Q

displacement (s)

A

straight line distance from start to the finish point measured in metres m

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18
Q

measuring resultant displacement

A

list
pythagoras
trigonometry (tan)

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19
Q

types of speed

A

average and instantaneous

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20
Q

speed is the measure of

A

time taken to travel a set distance

distance travelled in a set time period

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21
Q

instantaneous speed

A

measured over short distances and short periods of time

speed at any instant in time

example- speedometer of a car

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22
Q

average speed

A

measured over longer distances and longer periods of time

speed that would result in the same distance being traveled in the same time

example- the speed displayed on the TV screen at athletics events

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23
Q

velocity

A

rate of change in displacement over time
measured in ms-1

same direction as displacement. can be classed as instantaneous or average

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24
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity over time

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25
negetive acceleration
decceleration
26
acceleration can be measured by using
one light gate and a double mask or two light gates and a single mask
27
motion graphs
illustrate how an object moves over time
28
main types of motion graphs
``` distance-time displacement-time speed- time velocity-time acceleration-time ```
29
information that can be obtained by a speed-time graph
instantaneous speed acceleration distance average speed
30
sentence MUST be said measuring distance/ displacement
distance/ displacement= area under soeed/velocity-time graph
31
examples of forces
``` push pull weight air resistance thrust friction compression upthrust tension water resistance lift ```
32
force
F something which can change the shape, speed and or direction of an object measured in newtons N
33
weight
W gravitational pull exerted on an object by a planet acts downwards towards the centre of the planet measured in newtons N
34
mass
m the amount of matter contained within an object measured in kilograms kg
35
gravitational field strength
g weight per unit mass meaured in newtons per kilogram Nkg-1
36
relationship for measuring grativational field strength
g=W/m
37
friction
a force which acts in the opposite direction of motion tries to slow down/ stop an object
38
newton’s first law of motion
an object will remain at rest if continue to travel at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force
39
forces are balanced when
they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
40
free body diagram
dot with arrows out of it showing the forces
41
resultant force
combines single effect of all forces acting on an object
42
newton’s second law of motion
the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass
43
calculating acceleration with force
unbalanced force / mass
44
newton’s third law of motion
if object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force of object A
45
Work done
Ew measure of energy transferred from one form to another by exerting a force over a distance
46
equation for work done
Ew= F/d
47
projectile is an
object which has a forward speed at the same time as it is falling freely
48
horizontal velocity=
constant v=d/t
49
vertical velocity =
v=u + at
50
lightyear
the distance light travels in one year
51
how to find one lightyear
365.25 x 24 x 60 x 60
52
how to find distance in metres from lightyear
d= v x number of lightyears x 1 lightyears
53
what effect does increasing the curvature of a satellite reflector have
the EM waves converge closer to the reflector
54
curved (parabolic) reflectors
Collect signals over a large area and focus them onto an antenna. This increases the signal strength received.
55
types of satellites
LEO, MEO, HEO
56
HEO satellites
Move slowest, Geostationary (36000km height and 24h period), global telecommunications, weather forecasting
57
MEO satellites
GPS
58
LEO satellites
Measure angle of sunlight, orbit faster
59
Types of spectroscopy
Emission, Absorption, Continuous
60
What does spectroscopy show
Identify temperature and composition of stars
61
Gravitational potential energy
energy due to an objects height (far= high gravitational potential energy)
62
what does Ep equal
Ek and Ew
63
Kinetic motion
the energy of an object due to its motion
64
how do spacecrafts survive re-entry
undergo ablation, slow down by entering at an angle
65
ablation
heat energy is absorbed by the heat shield which melts away (phase change)
66
why is re-entry dangerous
the shuttle generates a lot of heat energy due to the friction it experiences between the shuttle and the earths atmosphere. because of high speed

Physics (4 decks)

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