Dysarthria Flashcards
(8 cards)
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
reduced stress, reduced loudness, slow speech, lack of facial expression, imprecise articulation (Parkinson’s; Alzheimers)
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
involuntary movement, dystonia, variable loudness, and pitch, audible respiration (huntington’s)
Flaccid Dysarthria
overall weakness, hypernasality, breathy voice
Spastic Dysarthria
muscles contracted too much, hyperadduction of vocal folds, monopitch, exsessive and equal stress.
Apraxia vs. Dysarthria
AOS does not have any muscle weakness or spacicity. AOS has not affect of subsystems, mainly affects articualtion and prosody. Dysarthria affects several subsystems such as phonation and respiration etc. Dysarthria has consisten error patterns, while AOS has inconsistent errors.
Apraxia definiton
A disorder of motor speech planning and programming. Causes an inability to plan, sequence, and coordinate oral postures for speech production. Results in articulation errors and impaired prosody.
Characteristics:
-effortful speech that varies with familiarity if words and phrases
-slow effortful speech
-higly variable and inconsisten articulation errors
-prosody errors
-trial and error, groping for placement
-automatic speech produces fewer errors
-imitation is impaired
Dysarthria definition
A group of speech disorders caused by impaired control of muscles responsible for speech. May be caused by paralysis, weakness, reduced range of movement, abnormal muscle tone, or incoordination of muscles.
Assessment of respiration & why it is important for speech
Respiratory support is important for speech in terms of loudness, pitch, and fluency of speech (e.g., words per breath).
Assessment
- assess breathing patterns at rest and during ongoing speech, syllbales per breath (12-20), laboreed breathing, posture, clavicular and diaphragmatic breathing patterns
- cough strength, sustained vowel prologations (8-10 seconds)
