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Dyslexia Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 6 challenges for the Dyslexic Brain (construction zones)?

A
  1. Hearing Zones
  2. Recognizing symbols
  3. Working memory
  4. Processing info quickly or efficiently
  5. Remembering spelling patterns
  6. Attention or fatigue
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2
Q

What are 9 common strengths (super fast highways) for kids with Dyslexia?

A
  1. Memory (more long-term)
  2. Making connections
  3. Auditory comp
  4. Visual-spatial reasoning
  5. interpersonal connections
  6. Imagination and creativity
  7. Big-picture visualization
  8. Problem solving skills
  9. Resiliency
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3
Q

What is the definition of dyslexia? (4 points)

A
  1. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.
  2. Typically results from a deficit in phonological component of language that is unexpected based on cognitive ability and instruction.
  3. Secondary consequences may include difficulty in reading comprehension and reduced vocabulary and background knowledge
  4. Manifestation of a linguistic disorder.
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4
Q

What is Dysphonetic Dyslexia?

A
  1. Difficulty with using a phonological route in reading leading to over-relying on visual.
  2. Does not use letter to sound conversions. 3. ie looks at first letter and guesses
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5
Q

What is Surface Dyslexia?

A
  1. Difficulty with the rapid and automatic recognition of words in print.
  2. Problem with orthography and speed
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6
Q

What is Mixed Dyslexia?

A
  1. Combination of dysphonetic and surface dyslexia.
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7
Q

What causes comprehension deficits?

A
  1. When the mechanical aspect of reading is normal but difficulty in deriving meaning from print.
  2. Deficits in poor language and vocabulary, limited working memory, or poor executive functioning skills.
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8
Q

Phonological awareness vs. Phonemic awareness vs. Phonics

A
  1. Phonemic Awareness is an awareness that letters have soudns and knowledge that words are made up of individual sounds, not syllables or chunks.
  2. Phonological Awareness deals with syllables of words, not individual sounds
  3. Phonics is mapping sounds to spelling. Here are the sounds, now how do we spell it.
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9
Q

What is the current theory for reversals?

A

Greater activity in the right hemisphere as a compensatory strategy for poor readers may be resulting in a mirror image which is the reason for reversals

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10
Q

Pronunciation/Articulation takes place in…

A

Frontal lobe

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11
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Orthographic processing system. The brain’s “letter box”. Visual word form area.

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12
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Language comprehension and connecting spoken words with their meanings

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13
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

Where the activity takes place for fluent reading by building a bridge from frontal to occipital lobes.

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14
Q

Planum temporal

A

Where the phonological and orthograph processing systems connect after the eyes see a printed word

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15
Q

Dyslexia definition for kids

A

Your brain is built in a way that makes it easy to do math, puzzles or Legos, but it’s harder to see letter patterns or keep the sounds in your mind for reading and spelling

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16
Q

What are the 4 Types of Reading Disorders?

A
  1. Dysphonetic Dyslexia
  2. Surface Dyslexia
  3. Mixed Dyslexia
  4. Comprehension Deficits
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17
Q

If not ready for phonemic awareness, start with…

A

Phonological awareness

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18
Q

What is Phoneme awareness?

A

Being able to blend and segment with individual sounds and simple syllables. ie. c, v, vc, cvc

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19
Q

What is orthography?

A

Connects sounds and letters. ie. Graphemes, digraphs, trigraphs etc.

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20
Q

What does the Phonological Processing System do?

A

Processes the speech sound system.

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21
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

individual speech sound

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22
Q

What makes a syllable?

A

Vowel sounds. A syllable is a part of a word with a vowel sound.

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23
Q

What is an onset?

A

Part of a one-syllable word before the vowel ie. ch of chat

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24
Q

What is a rime?

A

Part of the word including the vowel and everything after it. ie at of chat, irt of shirt.

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25
What is a vowel?
An unobstructed sound (ie. no tongue, lips, or teeth)
26
What is a phoneme?
A combination of articulatory gestures used to create the smallest unit of a speech sound in a language. They are used individually or in combination to represent spoken words.
27
____ predicts later outcomes in reading and spelling.
Phonemic awareness
28
Schwa's only exist in _____
Multi-syllabic words
29
How many letters match their name and initial sounds they make
8
30
Ehri's Phases of Word-Reading Development (4)
1. Prealphabetic 2. Partial alphabetic 3. Full alphabetic 4. Consolidated alphabetic
31
What does prealphabetic mean?
1, Visual cues (ie. golden arches 2. Some concepts of print 3. May think length of the word relates to meaning
32
What does partial alphabetic mean?
1. Early phonological awareness 2. Knows letter names 3. Some letter-sound correspondences 4. Relies on letter names to derive sound symbol match
33
What does Full Alphabetic mean?
1. Basic phonemic blending and segmenting of 3-4 sounds 2. Letter-sound correspondence 3. Start sight word recognition
34
What does Consolidated alphabetic mean?
1. More complex phonemic awareness 2. Spelling most words correctly 3. Builds automatic sight word recognition
35
How do you remediate Dyslexia?
Explicit, systematic phonic instruction
36
What is orthography?
Fixed writing
37
What is a digraph?
2 letters representing 1 speech sound in which neither letter represents its usual sound ie. th
38
What is a silent letter pattern?
2 or more letters representing 1 vowel sound ie. ough
39
What is a trigraph?
3 letters representing 1 speech sound ie. dge
40
What is a grapheme?
Letter or letter pattern that represents a speech sound ie. s
41
What is a blend?
2 or 3 graphemes, each one representing a phoneme ie. qu
42
What is a doublet?
A double letter that represents one speech sound ie. ff
43
Sounds in the ______, Symbols in the _______
Front, back
44
Four Part Processing Model
Phonological and orthographic processing needs to be automatic to get true meaning.
45
How does your eye move during reading?
We fixate on a content word and take in about 7-9 letters to the right of the fixation and 3-4 letters to the left. Eyes are ahead of the voice reading out loud.
46
What is orthographic mapping
Mental process used to store words for immediate and effortless retrieval
47
What is the drop out rate of students with LD?
18.1%. 3x rate of students without a disability
48
What is the lobgal literacy rate?
Worldwide-87% US-79% Average adult reads at a 7th-8th grade level.
49
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Occipital Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe
50
Occiptal Lobe is responsible for...
Visual processing
51
Parietal Lobe is responsible for...
Processing sensory and spatial information (ie. touch)
52
Temporal lobe is responsible for...
House language and memory.
53
Frontal lobe is responsible for...
Executive functioning ie planning, working memory, reasoning, language, and motor planning
54
What does the cerebellum do?
Coordinates voluntary movements, posture, and balance.
55
What is hyperlexia?
High functioning of decoding neurons intact
56
What is the Superior Temporal Gyrus?
Modulates the 44 sounds of the English language.
57
What does the brainstem do?
Allows for the transfer of information between the brain and the body. Plays a role in automatic functions such as heartbeat.
58
What is synesthesia?
Cross-wiring of senses. ie musicians hear colors. Reading involves hearing symbols echo in the brain. Is dyslexia a failure to become a synesthete?
59
Children with reading disorders have trouble with...
Identifying, recognizing, categorizing, and/or manipulating phonological units.
60
What skills need assessed/screened for reading disorders? (3)
1. Phonological awareness skills 2. Ability to link sounds with letters 3. Rapid letter naming skills (can do object naming if don't know letters)
61
What are the 2 neurological processes for reading in English?
Phonological and orthographic processing
62
What is orthographic processing?
The ability to visually recognize and remember written words and parts of words. The ability to recognize letter sequences and patterns and to spell phonetically irregular words.
63
Reading occurs in the ______ of the brain
Back
64
What are the 5 big ideas of the Reading Process?
1. Phonemic Awareness 2. Phonics (synthesis and analysis) 3. Fluency 4. Language (vocabulary) 5. Comprehension
65
Novel and new learning happens in the _____hemisphere of the brain
Right
66
The _____ hemisphere should be dominant when reading
Left
67
Letter reversals are collateral damage for too much _____ hemisphere dominance/activity
Right
68
What is a morpheme?
The smallest meaningful component of a word that still conveys meaning. ie. prefixes, suffixes
69
What are the 4 components of Reading Comprehension?
1. Content interest and attitude 2. Working memory 3. Executive functioning 4. Language foundation (vocabulary)

Dyslexia (1 decks)

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