DZ: Digestive System

Question 1

Barium Enema Test

Answer 1

Depository

Detects lesions in colon

Question 2

Barium Swallow Test

Answer 2

Liquid covers esophagus/stomach/sm intestine (upper GI)

Question 3

Diagnostic Testing of GI

Answer 3

Sigmoidoscopy
Digital Rectal Exam
Endoscopy (upper GI)

Question 4

Esophageal Cancer

Answer 4

Risks: large alcohol consumption, smoke, acid-reflex, HPV

S/S: adenocarcinoma (GERD) - hoarseness, painful swallowing

Question 5

GERD

Answer 5

defect of lower esophageal sphincter (weak muscles or relax at wrong time) or slow emptying of contents > small intestine

Question 6

Carcinoma of the mouth

Answer 6

Risks: tobacco, high alcohol, HPV
S/S: sores that don’t heal on the tongue/mouth/gums & red (cancer)/white patches in mouth
PT: Reeducation of the muscles of the mouth
Survival: 5yr - 56%

Question 7

TMJ

Answer 7

Causes: gingivitis, arthritis & teeth clinching
S/S: pain & stiffness of jaw/neck/face, clicking/grinding when moving jaw
PT: anti-inflamm modalities (e-stim, iontophoresis, US), ex: mouth muscle relaxation

Question 8

Gastric cancer (carcinoma of stomach)

Answer 8

Highest in Japan
S/S: weight loss
Risks: pickled or salty foods
PT: mobility training

Question 9

Erosive Gastritis (ulcer)

Answer 9

hemorrhaging, smooth –crater like lesions

Question 10

Non-Erosive Gastritis

Answer 10

chronic condition

Question 11

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 11

seen in infants or can be acquired that causes projectile vomiting or a feeling of fullness

Question 12

Dumping Syndrome

Answer 12

Lack control of gastric emptying (high sugar/carbs)
Early (within 30min) S/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Late (1-4hrs) S/S: high sugar > large drop
- sweating, hunger, tachycardia, fatigue
PT: make sure pt doesn’t eat before tx

Question 13

celiac disease

Answer 13

Gluten intolerance
Autoimmune: small intestine villi destroyed
- malabsorption
S/S: steatorrhea (fat in stool) feces, loos stool, dermatitis herpetiformis (not contageous)
Long term: anemia, osteoporosis
PT: WBing ex

Question 14

colorectal cancer

Answer 14

Occur in the sigmoid colon/rectum
Risks: polyps (fingerlike growths) of the colon, high fat diet, Crohn’s Dz, ulcerative colitis
S/S: bloody feces, narrow stool, LLQ

Question 15

Diverticulosis

Answer 15

non-inflammatory diverticula (pouch like) of the colon, precursor to diverticulitis

Question 16

Diverticulitis

Answer 16

inflammatory diverticula (pouchlike process) of the colon, can lead to infx/bleeding and partial or complete blockage of colon

Question 17

Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Dz (IBD) - 2 Dzs

Answer 17

Crohn’s Dz & Ulcerative Colitis

Question 18

Crohns Disease

Answer 18

small intestine effected
Skip Lessions -> cobblestone appearance
pain in RLQ, malabsorption/malnutrition

Question 19

Ulcerative colitits

Answer 19

bleeding/fever/cramping during passage of feces
Develop megacolon
Rectum/colon affected

Question 20

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Answer 20

no damage to intestine (no cancer)

S/S: urgency, abdominal bloating

Question 21

Cholelithiasis

Answer 21

gallstones accumulate in the bladder

Question 22

Choleycystitis

Answer 22

inflamed gallbladder due to gallstones

Question 23

Cholangitis

Answer 23

inflamed gallbladder caused by bile infx

Question 24

choledocholithiasis

Answer 24

obstruction by gallstones of biliary tract

Question 25

Gallstones

Answer 25

Form from high concentrations of cholesterol or deficit in bile salts 2X women Risks: obesity, high cholesterol, oral contraceptives or estrogen, women 2X - Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile S/S: sudden sever pain, radiates to back or R-shoulder

Question 26

Liver Cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)

Answer 26

Linked to Hep-B | S/S: hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)

Question 27

acute pancreatitis

Answer 27

``` Inflammation of pancreas Causes: pancreatic enzymes attacking pancreas - ETOH - high alcohol consumption - gallstones S/S: LBP, hypovolemia - rapid/weak pulse ```

Question 28

Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 28

Risks: diet, smoking, pancreatitis | 95% mortality rate

Question 29

peritonitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of peritoneal membrane Causes: infx from liver/kidney failure S/S: leukocytosis (high WBC), rigid (hard) abdomen PT: ambulation, bed mobility, strength, endurance, functional activities