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Infectious Disease > E:2.1 > Flashcards

E:2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) infect?

A

Epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

What are the most common pathogens in SSSIs?

A

S. aureus and S. pyogenes (GAS)

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3
Q

What does ABSSSI stand for?

A

Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections

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4
Q

What is an uncomplicated SSSI?

A

An SSSI that is localized and confined to the epidermis and dermis layers

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5
Q

What is a complicated SSSI?

A

Infection of deeper skin structures

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6
Q

Impetigo/ecthyma pathogens

A

S. aureus* (*most common) S. pyogenes

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7
Q

Folliculitis pathogens

A

S. aureus*, P. aeruginosa

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8
Q

Carbuncle, Furuncle pathogens

A

S. aureus* including CA-MRSA, CA-MRSA causes spider bite like lesions

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9
Q

Uncomplicated abscess pathogen

A

S. aureus

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10
Q

Cellulitis pathogens

A

Beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. aureus

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11
Q

Erysipelas pathogen (dermatologic)

A

S. pyogenes (Group A strep)

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12
Q

Complicated cellulitis pathogen

A

S. pyogenes*

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13
Q

Complicated abscess pathogen

A

S. aureus

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14
Q

Erysipelas pathogen (soft tissue)

A

S. pyogenes*, S. aureus

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15
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis pathogens

A

S. pyogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophilia

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16
Q

Infected bites pathogens

A

Eikenella, Pasteurella, oral anaerobes

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17
Q

Infected burn pathogens

A

Staph/Strep, P. aeruginosa

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18
Q

Gangrene pathogens

A

C. perfringens, anaerobes

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19
Q

Impetigo/Ecthyma

A

It is most common is children. It causes crusty skin.

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20
Q

Impetigo contagiosa

A

Caused by S. pyogenes; most common in children; contagious disease

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21
Q

Bullous impetigo

A

Purulent and is caused by S. aureus

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22
Q

Ecthyma

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A

A deep form of impetigo with deeper erosions of the skin into the dermis

23
Q

Folliculitis

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A

infection of hair follicles.
caused by S. aureus* and P. aeruginosa (under chlorinated hot tubs)

24
Q

Furunculosis

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A

Boils that are singular swollen skin infection of the hair follicle

25
Cabunculosis
Cluster of boils that are highly swollen follicular masses
26
Abscesses
Collections of pus. Common SSSI in IV drug users (watch for MRSA) Pathogen is S. aureus
27
Cellulitis
Inflammation of connective tissue that is common in elderly patients. Caused by Beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus
28
Erysipelas (St. Anthony's fire)
Cellulitis of skin involving blockage of lymphatics, common in elderly patients Caused by S. pyogenes (Beta-hemolytic, Group A strep)>S. aureus
29
Infected Bites
Human bite=Eikenella, oral anaerobes Cats/Dogs= Pasteurella multocida, oral anaerobes Cellulitis at site of bite
30
Necrotizing Fasciitis
"Flesh eating" pathogens- S. pyogenes (GAS)* Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophilia are usually waterborne infections due to traumatic wound injury and preexisting open wounds
31
Burn wound infections
Often caused by Staph/Strep and P. aeruginosa (Silver sulfadiazine/Silvadene covers)
32
Why do diabetes patients have a high rate of foot infections?
1. Loss of pain sensation (neuropathy) 2. Reduced blood circulation (ischemia) 3. Decrease neutrophil immunity 4. Weakened tissues
33
Diabetic Foot infections
Non-healing ulcers and foul-smelling odor (fermenting anaerobes present) Pathogens- polymicrobial
34
Pressure Sores (Bedsores)
Occur in any location of body receiving inadequate oxygenated blood supply (ischemia). The ischemia leads to tissue damage and necrosis. Wounds can be infected by skin flora (Gram+ cocci)
35
Joint and Bone Infections origins
Joint infections (septic arthritis) and Bone infections (osteomyelitis) Both infection types may either be hematogenous (blood) or contiguous (adjoining infected tissue) origin
36
Joint and Bone infection most common pathogens
S. aureus and coagulase negative staph (S. epidermidis)
37
What can osteomyelitis result in?
Necrosis and bone death
38
Where can osteomyelitis infection originate from
Either the bloodstream (hematogenous) or from adjoining soft tissue (contiguous)
39
Pathogens that can cause osteomyelitis
S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci account for most infections. S. aureus and Pseudomonas can come from IV drug use. S. aureus can come from orthopedic hardware. Nail thru sneaker (Pseudomonas), Human Bite (Eikenella), Animal Bite (Pasteurella)
40
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Bone is seeded by bacteria from infection elsewhere in the body. Common in acute long bone osteomyelitis in kids and vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. Vertebral osteomyelitis often arises from other infections. Gram negative enterics may spread from bladder
41
Contiguous osteomyelitis
Bone seeded by bacteria from adjacent infected site Common consequence of DFI, open fractures, and surgical procedures
42
Arthritis
Inflammatory process that involves the joint(s)
43
Septic arthritis
bacterial infection of joint that causes inflammation
44
Arthralgia
Refers to pain that involves the joint
45
Septic arthritis Origins
Most cases are due to hematogenous seeding from an infection elsewhere in the body
46
What response causes the inflammation in septic arthritis?
Neutrophils/Macrophages will enter infected joint and release cytokines that cause inflammation.
47
Most common pathogen in Septic Arthritis
S. aureus
48
Acute monoarticular arthritis
Usually involves 1 joint S. aureus N. gonorrhoeae in young adults
49
Polyarticular arthritis
Disseminated Neisseria infection
50
Monoarticular Infectious Arthritis
Septic arthritis occurs most often in large joints S. aureus/MRSA most common in adults Gonococcal arthritis in young adults S. aureus/MRSA and P. aeruginosa in IV drug users
51
Hardware-Associated Septic Arthritis
Prosthetic joint infections Can come from surgery Is caused by coagulase-negative staph (S. epidermidis)
52
Hallmark of prosthetic joint infections and how to prevent
Biofilm formation often with Staphylococcus epidermidis. This allows biofilm bacteria to adhere to implant. Biofilm is good at preventing antimicrobial penetration, but Rifampicin and Clindamycin are good at penetrating
53
Reactive (Reiter's Arthritis)
It is an autoimmune response. Caused by C. trachomatis and Campylobacter Often in sexually active young adults Check pt. for genetic marker HLA-B27 (common in Reiter's pts.)
54
Lyme Arthritis
Tick-borne Lyme Disease Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi*

Infectious Disease (3 decks)

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